Bibliography of Rescue in the Holocaust
Updated October 8, 2017
Table of Contents
General Studies of the Holocaust............................................................ 3
Albania and the Holocaust..................................................................... 10
Austria and the Holocaust...................................................................... 10
Belgium and the Holocaust.................................................................... 11
Bulgaria and the Holocaust.................................................................... 12
Jews in Shanghai, China.......................................................................... 12
Croatia and the Holocaust...................................................................... 13
The Holocaust in Czechoslovakia......................................................... 13
The Holocaust in Denmark.................................................................... 14
The Holocaust in Finland....................................................................... 16
The Holocaust in France......................................................................... 17
Germany and the Holocaust.................................................................. 25
Great Britain and Refugees.................................................................... 25
Greece and the Holocaust...................................................................... 27
The Holocaust in Hungary.................................................................... 27
Italy and the Holocaust.......................................................................... 31
Japan and the Holocaust........................................................................ 36
Mexico and the Holocaust..................................................................... 36
The Netherlands and the Holocaust..................................................... 38
Norway and the Holocaust.................................................................... 39
Poland and the Holocaust...................................................................... 39
Portugal and the Holocaust................................................................... 40
Red Cross and the Holocaust................................................................ 40
Romania and the Holocaust.................................................................. 40
Russia and the Holocaust....................................................................... 41
Slovakia and the Holocaust.................................................................... 41
Spain and the Holocaust......................................................................... 41
Sweden and the Holocaust..................................................................... 42
Switzerland and the Holocaust.............................................................. 43
Turkey and the Holocaust...................................................................... 43
United States of America and the Holocaust....................................... 43
Yugoslavia and the Holocaust................................................................ 52
Churches and the Holocaust, Including the Vatican........................... 53
Refugees and the Holocaust.................................................................... 62
Rescue in the Holocaust........................................................................... 67
Diplomats Who Rescued Jews................................................................ 75
Mass Rescue by Countries...................................................................... 84
Jewish Rescue and Resistance................................................................ 91
Archives................................................................................................... 109
Private Collections.................................................................................. 109
Government Publications...................................................................... 110
Films/Documentaries............................................................................. 110
Exhibits..................................................................................................... 111
Children’s Books on Rescue.................................................................. 111
General Studies of the Holocaust
Abella, Irving & Harold Troper. None is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933-1948 (3rd Ed.). (Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2000).
American Jewish Committee. American Jewish Yearbook. Vols. XXXII-XLVIII. (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1931-1947).
Arad, Yitzhak. The Pictorial History of the Holocaust. (New York: Macmillan, 1993).
Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003).
Bauer, Yehuda. A History of the Holocaust. (New York: Franklin Watts, 1982).
Berenbaum, Michael. The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as Told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1993).
Breitman, Richard. Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew. (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998).
Browning, Christopher R. The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office: A Study of Referat D III of Abteilung Deutschland 1940-43. (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1978).
Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975).
Dwork, Deborah and Robert Jan van Pelt. Holocaust: A History. (New York: Norton).
Dwork, Deborah. Children with a Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991).
Dwork, Deborah (Ed.). Voices & Views: A History of the Holocaust. (New York: The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, 2002).
Eck, Nathan and Aryeh Leon Kubovy (Eds.). Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, Vol. VI. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1967).
Edelheit, Abraham J., & Hershel Edelheit. History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
Encyclopedia Judaica. 16 vols. (Jerusalem: Keter, 1971-1972).
Fein, Helen. Accounting for Genocide. (New York: Free Press, 1979).
Friedman, Philip. “Aspects of Jewish Communal Crisis in the Period of the Nazi Regime in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.” In B. Blau (Ed.), Essays of Jewish Life and Thought. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).
Friedman, S. S. A History of the Holocaust. (Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2004).
Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War. (New York: Henry Holt, 1985).
Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust: Completely Revised and Updated. (New York: William Morrow & Company, 1988, 1993).
Gilbert, Martin. Never Again: A History of the Holocaust. (Universe, 2001).
Gossman, Eva. Good Beyond Evil. (Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2002).
Gutman, Yisrael (Ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
Halevi, H. S. The Influence of World War II on the Demographic Structure of the Jewish People. (Jerusalem: Institute of Contemporary Jewry of Hebrew University, 1963). (Hebrew text, English summary.)
Hayes, Carlton J. H. Wartime Mission in Spain, 1942-1945. (New York: Macmillan, 1948).
Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews: Revised and Definitive Edition. (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985).
Hilberg, Raul. Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe 1933-1945. (New York: Harper Collins, 1992).
Hogan, David J. (Ed.-in-Chief) and David Aretha (Ed.). The Holocaust Chronicle: A History in Words and Pictures. (Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International, LTD, 2000).
Jewish Resistance during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Conference on Manifestations of Jewish Resistance, Jerusalem, April 7-11, 1968. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1971).
Laqueur, Walter (Ed.) and Judith Tydor Baumel (Assoc. Ed.). The Holocaust Encyclopedia. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).
League of Nations. Statistical Yearbook of the League of Nations, 1941-1942. (Geneva: League of Nations, 1943).
Lesser, Jeffrey. Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995).
Levin, Nora. The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry, 1933-1945. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1968).
Marrus, Michael. The Holocaust in History. (London: Brandeis University Press, 1987).
Marrus, Michael (Ed.). The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews. (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1989).
Michman, Dan (Ed.). Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1998).
Michman, Dan. Holocaust Historiography: A Jewish Perspective: Conceptualizations, Terminology, Approaches and Fundamental Issues. Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003).
Nicholas, Lynn H. Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web. (New York: Knopf, 2005).
Niewyk, Donald, and Francis Nicosia. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).
Poliakov, Leon. Harvest of Hate: The Nazi Program for the Destruction of the Jews of Europe. (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1954).
Reitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945. (New York: The Beechhurst Press, 1953).
Roth, John K., and Elisabeth Maxwell (Eds.). Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide, Vol. 1. (New York: Palgrave, 2001).
Rozett, Robert and Shmuel Spector. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2000).
Rubenstein, Richard L. and John K. Roth. Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy (Rev.). (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001).
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Historical Atlas of the Holocaust. (New York: Macmillan, 1996).
Wyman, David S. (Ed.). The World Reacts to the Holocaust. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.)
Yahil, Leni. The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jews. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Yahil, Leni. “Madagascar: Phantom of a Solution for the Jewish Question.” In Bela Vago & George L. Mosse (Eds.), Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern Europe, 1918-1945. (New York: Wiley, 1974).
Unitarian Service Committee references:
Archives and Manuscripts
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Archives. New York City.
Anderson, Paul B. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Chambagne-Urbana, Illinois.
British Secret Intelligence Service. MI-6 Records. Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. “Last Port of Freedom.” Unpublished manuscript. Multiple drafts, undated. Elisabeth Anthony Dexter Papers, Box 16. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. Papers. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Lewis A. “A Memoir of Elisabeth Anthony Dexter: Social Background and Personal Meaning of a Type of Feminist Research,” 17 pp. Undated, unpublished manuscript, in the author’s possession.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. “To Try the Soul’s Strength: A Woman’s Participation in the History of Her Time.” Unpublished manuscript. 1998. Martha and Waitstill Sharp Collection, Box 43, Folder 104, John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Ebel, Miriam Davenport. Papers. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Eliot, Samuel Atkins. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. Memorial Library. Special Collections, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Fisera, Joseph. Archive. U.S. Hololcaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Fry, Varian. Papers. Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City.
Joy, Charles Rhind. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Long, Breckinridge. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Lowrie, Donald A., and Helen O. Lowrie. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Champagne-Urbana, Illinois.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Office of Strategic Services. State Depaertment. State Department Decimal Files. Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland.
Roosevelt, Eleanor. Papers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sharp, Martha and Waitstill. Collection. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Skidmore College. Archives, Saratoga Springs, New York.
Unitarian Service Committee. Records. Audiovisual Records. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Records. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Institutional Archives: Assignment Rescue. Oral History Archives. Photo Archives. Washington, DC.
War Refugee Board. Archives. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidentail Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Published Works
American Labor Conference on International Affairs. “Guide to the American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950,” Taminent Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library. http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alcia.html
Baker Memorial Issue. The Tech. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-45. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981.
Bazarov, Valery. “Schmolka and Stiener: The Return of the Heroes,” Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. www.hias.org/who_we_are/120stories/116Schmolka.pdf
Bénédite, Danny. La Filiere Marseillaise: Un Chemin Vers la Liberté Sous L’Occuption. Paris: Clancier Guenaud, 1984.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. Roots and Visions: The First Fifty Years of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Cambridge, MA: Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, 1990.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. The Devil in France: My Encounter with Him in the Summer of 1940. New York: Viking Press, 1941.
Genizi, Haim. American Apathy: The Plight of Christian Refugees from Nazism. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University, 1983.
Genizi, Haim. “Christian Charity: The Unitarian Service Committee’s Relief Activities on Behalf of Refugees from Nazism, 1940-45.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2, no. 2 (1987): 267-76.
Henry, Richard. Norbert Fabian Capek: A Spiritual Journey. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999.
Howe, Charles A. For Faith and Freedom: A Short History of Unitarianism in Europe. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1997.
Lewis, Flora. Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field. Garden City NY: Doubleday and Company, 1965.
Lewis, James Ford. “The Unitarian Service Committee.” PhD Diss., University of California, 1967.
London, Louise. Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees, and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Lowrie, Donald A. The Hunted Children. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1963.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999.
Pittet, Genevieve. “Passages de frontiers.” In Quelques Actions des Protestants de France: En Faveur des Juifs Persecutes Sous L’Occupation Allemande 1940-1944. Paris: CIMADE, 1945.
Ryan, Donna. “Vichy and the Jews: The Example of Marseille, 1939-44.” 2 vols. PhD diss., University of Maryland, 1984.
Samuel, Vivette. Rescuing the Children: A Holocaust Memoir. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Sanger, Clyde. Lotta and the Unitarian Service Committee Story. Toronto: Stoddard Publishing, 1986.
Weill, Joseph. Le Combat d’un Juste. Bron: Cheminements, 2002.
Wischnitzer, Mark. Visas to Freedom: The History of HIAS. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1956.
Zeitoun, Sabine. L’Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) sous L’Occupation en France. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1990.
Albania and the Holocaust
Sarner, Harvey. Rescue in Albania: One Hundred Percent of Jews in Albania Rescued from Holocaust. (Cathedral City, CA: New Brunswick Press, 1997).
Austria and the Holocaust
Bentwich, Norman. “The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Austria, 1938-1942.” In Josef Fraenkel (Ed.), The Jews of Austria. (London, 1967).
Berkley, George E. Vienna and its Jews. (Madison Books, 1988).
Cornwall, Claudia. Letter from Vienna: A daughter uncovers her family’s Jewish Past. (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1995).
Engel-Janosi, F. “Remarks on the Austrian Resistance.” Journal of Central European Affairs, XIII, 108. (1953).
Evan, Gershon. Winds of Life: The Destinies of a Young Viennese Jew, 1938-1958. (Riverside, CA: Ariadne Press, 2000).
Fraenkel, Josef (Ed.). The Jews of Austria: Essays on their Life, History and Destruction. (London: Vallentine, Mitchell, 1967).
Freidenreich, Harriet. Jewish Politics in Vienna, 1918-1938. (Bloomington: IN, Undiana University Press, 1991).
Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939. (New York: HarperCollins, 1997).
Friedman, Philip. “Aspects of Jewish Communal Crisis in the Period of the Nazi Regime in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.” In B. Blau (Ed.), Essays of Jewish Life and Thought. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).
Gutman, Yisrael (Ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Vol. 4, pp. 1564-1571 (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
Hofmann, Paul. The Viennese: Splendor, Twilight, and Exile. (New York: Anchor Press).
Korman, Gerd (Ed.). Hunter and Hunted: Human History of the Holocaust. (New York: Viking Press, 1973).
Luza, Radomir. Austro-German Relations in the Anschluss Era. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975).
Maass, Walter B. Country Without a Name: Austria Under Nazi Rule, 1938-1945. (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing).
Moser, Jonny. Demographie der jüdischen Bevölkerung Österreichs 1938-1945. (Vienna: Plöchl-Druckgesellshaft m.b.H. & KG, 1999).
Oxaal, Ivan, et al. Jews, Antisemitism and Culture in Vienna. (London, 1987).
Read, Anthony, and David Fisher. Kristallnacht: The Nazi Night of Terror. (New York: Random House, 1989).
Rosenkranz, Herbert. “The Anschluss and the Tragedy of Austrian Jewry, 1938-1945.” In Josef Fraenkel (Ed.), The Jews of Austria. (London: Valentine, Mitchell, 1967).
Sakamoto, Pamela R. Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees: A World War II Dilemma. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960).
Schneider, Gertrude. Exile and Destruction: The Fate of Austrian Jews, 1938-1945. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995).
Spitzer, Leo. Hotel Bolivia: The Culture of Memory in a Refuge from Nazism. (New York: Hill & Wang, 1998).
Belgium and the Holocaust
Belgium, Ministry of Justice. Les Crimes de Guerre Commis sous l’Occupation de la Belgique, 1940-1945: La Persécution Antisémitique en Belgique. (Liège: Thones, 1947).
Gutfreund, Jacob. “The Jewish Resistance Movement in Belgium.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967).
Leclef, Chanoine. Le Cardinal van Roey et l’occupation allemande en Belgique. (Brussels, Goemare, 1945).
Morelli, Anne. “Les diplomates italiens en Belgique et la ‘question juive,’ 1938-1943,” Bulletin de l’Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 53-54 (1983-1984), pp. 357-407.
Steinberg, M. Le Comité de defense des Juifs en Belgique, 1942-1944. (Brussels, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1973).
Bulgaria and the Holocaust
Bar-Zohar, Michael. Beyond Hitler’s Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria’s Jews. (Holbrook, MA: Adams Media Corp., 1998).
Chary, Frederick B. The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Life Line to a Promised Land. (New York: Vanguard Press, 1946).
Miller, M. L. Bulgaria during the Second World War. (Stanford, 1975).
Nizani, Yaacov. “Fighter of the Jewish Underground in Bulgaria.” Yad Vashem Bulletin, VIII-IX, 35-36. (1961).
Oren, N. “The Bulgarian Exception: A Reassessment of the Salvation of the Jewish Community.” Yad Vashem Studies, 7 (1968): 83-106.
State Publishing House. Saving of the Jews in Bulgaria, 1941-1944.
Tamir, Vicki. Bulgaria and Her Jews: The History of a Dubious Symbiosis. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1972.
Yulzari, Matei. “The Bulgarian Jews in the Resistance Movement.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967).
Jews in Shanghai, China
Cornwall, Claudia. Letter from Vienna: A daughter uncovers her family’s Jewish Past. (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1995).
Heppner, Ernest G. Shanghai Refuge: A Memoir of the World War II Jewish Ghetto. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1993).
Kranzler, David. Japanese, Nazis and Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai, 1938-1945. (New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1976).
Ross, James R. Escape to Shanghai. (New York: Free Press, 1994).
Rubin, Evelyn Pike. Ghetto Shanghai. (New York: Shengold Publishers, 1993).
Sakamoto, Pamela R. Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees: A World War II Dilemma. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).
Shillony, Ben-Ami. The Jews and the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders. (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1991).
Zuroff, Efraim. “Attempts to obtain Shanghai permits in 1941: A case of rescue priority during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 321-351.
Croatia and the Holocaust
Carpi, Daniel. “The diplomatic negotiations over the transfer of Jewish children from Croatia to Turkey and Palestine in 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 109-124.
Carpi, Daniel. "The Rescue of Jews in the Italian Zone of Occupied Croatia." In Rescue Attempts During the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 465-526. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Jasa, Romano. “Jews in the Rab Camp and Their Participation in the Liberation War.” Zbornik, 2. (1973).
Paris, Edmond, trans. by Lois Perkins. Genocide in Satellite Croatia, 1941-1945. (Chicago: American Institute of Balkan Affairs, n.d. [c. 1960]).
Sabille, Jacques. “Attitude of the Italians to the Persecuted Jews in Croatia.” In L. Poliakov & J. Sabille (Eds.), Jews under the Italian Occupation. (Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1955).
The Holocaust in Czechoslovakia
Friedman, Philip. “Aspects of Jewish Communal Crisis in the Period of the Nazi Regime in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.” In B. Blau (Ed.), Essays of Jewish Life and Thought. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).
Jacoby, Gerhard. Racial State: The German Nationalities Policy in the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia. (New York: Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1944).
The Jews of Czechoslovakia, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1968).
Dagan, Avigdor, Gertrude Hirschler, & Lewis Weiner (Eds.). The Jews of Czechoslovakia: Historical Studies and Surveys (Vol. III). (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1984).
Mastny, Vojtech. The Czechs under Nazi Rule: The Failure of National Resistance, 1939-1943. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971).
Rothkirchen, Livia. The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2005).
Wachsman, Z. H. Jews in Czechoslovakia. (New York: The Resistance, 1944).
The Holocaust in Denmark
Barfod, Jorgen H. The Holocaust failed in Denmark. (Copenhagen: Frihedsmuseets Venners, 1985).
Bertelsen, Aage. October ’43. (New York: Putnam, 1954).
Carlgren, W. M. Swedish Foreign Policy during the Second World War. (London, 1977).
Dose, Johannes. 1992. Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz in Däenmark: 1943-1945, 2ed. Bonn: Auswärtiges Ame, Referat 012
Duckwitz, Georg Ferdinand. 1949. “Bag det tyske gesandtskabs kulisser.” Jødisk Samfund, October.
Duckwitz, Georg Ferdinand, Die geplannte Aktion gegen die dänischen Juden und ihre Verhinderung (CopenhagenL Rigsarkivet, Duckwitz Archives, 1957; and Jerusalem: Yad Vashem Archives File #027/13); Die Aktion gegen die Dänischen Juden im Herbst 1943- Plan und Durchführing (Copenhagen: Rigsarkivet, Duckwitz Archives, 1964)
Elkblad, Niels Eric. 1958. “Aufzeichnung über gewisse Erignisse im Zusammenhang mit der deutschen Aktion gegen die dänischen Juden um den 1 Oktober 1943.” Hamburg: January 22; Jerusalem: Yad Vashem Archives (File # 027/13)
Flender, 1980, Harold. Rescue in Denmark. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1980).
Goldberger, Leo. The Rescue of Danish Jews: Moral Courage Under Stress. (New York: New York University Press, 1987).
Herbert, Ulrich. 1999. Werner Best: Eine Biographische Studie über Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft: 1903-1989. Essen: J.H.W. Dietz Nachfloger.
Kirchhoff, Hans. “SS-Gruppenführer Werner Best and the action against the Danish Jews – October 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 24 (1994), 195-222.
Kirchoff, Hans. 1999b. “Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz: In Tyskere mod Hitler: Fem diplomater I København. Copenhagen: Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, pp.7-24.
Kitchoff, Hans. 1978. “Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz: Skizzen für ein politisches Portrait.” Lungby Bogen, pp. 134-179.
Kirchoff, Hans. 2001. Samarbejde og modstand under besattelsen (Cooperation and resistance during the occupation). Odense: Odense University Press.
Kirchhoff, Hans. The Rescue of the Danish Jews in October 1943. In Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003), pp. 539-555.
Levine, Paul A. From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust: 1938-1944. (Uppsala, Sweden: 1998).
Levine, Paul A. Attitudes and action: Comparing the responses of mid-level bureaucrats to the Holocaust. In Cesarani, David, and Paul A. Levine. ‘Bystanders’ to the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation, pp. 212-236. (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2002).
Lindenberg, Kurt. “Escape to Sweden.” In Murray Mindlin (Ed.), with Chaim Bernant, Explorations. (London: Erasmus, 1967).
Margolinsky, J. Statiskiske Undersoegelser over Alders—og Koensfordelingen Blandt Flygtninge fra Danmark I Sverige, Stockholm, 1945, min, cited in Melchior, Marcus. A Rabbi Remembers. (New York: Lyle Stuart, 1968).
Miller, Kenneth. Government and Politics in Denmark. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968).
Moore, Bob. Survivors: Jewish Self-help and Rescue in Nazi-occupied Western Europe. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Munch, Ebbe, Outze, Børge, Ed. Danmark Frihedskamp, I-II. (Bogforlaget Nutiden, KBHN, 1949).
Petrow, R. The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940-May 1945. (New York, 1974).
Pundik, Herbert. In Denmark It Could Not Happen: The Flight of the Jews to Sweden in 1943 (Jerusalem: Gefen, 1998), pp.104-106.
Valentin, H. “Rescue and Relief Activities in Behalf of Jewish Victims of Nazism in Scandinavia.” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, 8 (1953): 224-251.
Werner, Emmy E. A Conspiracy of Decency: The Rescue of the Danish Jews during World War II. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002).
Yahil, L. “Scandinavian Countries to the Rescue of Concentration Camp Prisoners.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 181-220.
Yahil, Leni. The Rescue of Danish Jewry: Test of a Democracy. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1969).
Yahil, Leni. The Rescue of Danish Jewry: Test of a Democracy. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1969).
The Holocaust in Finland
Gutman, Yisrael (Ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
Kersten, Felix, ed. by Herma Briffault, trans. by Ernest Morwitz. The Memoirs of Doctor Felix Kersten. (New York: Doubleday, 1947).
Rautkallio, Hanno. Finland and the Holocaust: The Rescue of Finland's Jews. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1987).
Trevor-Roper, H. R. “The Strange Case of Himmler’s Doctor: Felix Kersetn and Count Bernadotte.” Commentary XXIII (April 1957): 356-364.
Warner, Olive. Marshal Mannerheim and the Finns. (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967).
The Holocaust in France
“American Friends Service Committee Activities in France to November 1942” (the so-called Baden-Baden Report), AFSC Archives, Philadelphia, PA.
Anderson, Mark M. (Ed.). Hitler’s Exiles: Personal Stories of the Flight from Nazi Germany to America. (New York: The New Press, 1998).
“Annual Report of the Counseling and Camp Department, 1940-1941.” AFSC Archives. Data in this paragraph are from a “Brief Statement of AFSC Work in France as of 25 March 1942,” AFSC Archives; and Black, Lewis, and Pickett, America’s Food and Europe’s Needs, p. 15.
Aron, Robert. The Vichy Regime.
Avni, H. “The Zionist Underground in Holland and France and the Escape to Spain.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff, pp. 555-590. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Barron, Stephanie, with Saline Eckmann. Exiles & Emigrés: The Flight of European Artists from Hitler. (Los Angeles: Museum Association, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1997).
Bédarida, François, & Bédarida, Renee. “Aux Origines du Témoignage Chrétien 1941-1942.” Revue d’Histoire de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale LXI, 1-66. (1966).
Bénédite, Daniel. La Filiere Marseillaise. (Paris: Clancier-Guenaud, 1984).
A Book of Tribute to Varian Fry. A collection of various authors issued by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council on the occasion of Fry’s posthumous Eisenhower Liberation Medal, 1991.
Brooks, Howard Lee. Prisoners of Hope: Report on a Mission. (New York: L. B. Fischer, 1942), p. 22.
Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975).
Diamant, Zanuel. “Jewish Refugees on the French Riviera.” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science III (m1953): 264-280.
Ebel, Miriam Davenport. An Unsentimental Education: A Memoir by Miriam Davenport Ebel. (1999).
Fermi, Laura. Illustrious Immigrants: The Intellectual Migration from Europe 1930-1941. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).
Feuchtwanger, Lion. The Devil in France. (Viking, 1941).
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Escape through the Pyrénées. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Solidarity and Treason: Resistance and Exile, 1933-1940. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Fry, Varian. Assignment Rescue. (New York: Scholastic, 1997).
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. (New York: Random House, 1945).
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. (Colorado: Johnson Books, 1997).
Fry, Varian. “The Massacre of the Jews.” The New Republic, December 21, 1942.
Fry, Varian. “Operation Emergency Rescue.” The New Leader, 1965.
De Garay, Graciela (Coordinadora). Gilberto Bosques: Historia Oral de la Diplomcía Méxicana. (Mexico: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, 1988).
Gold, Mary Jayne. Crossroads Marseilles, 1940. (New York: Doubleday, 1980).
Goodyear, Julie. American Rescuers: Varian Fry. (Unpublished thesis.)
Gross, Michael L. “Jewish rescue in Holland and France during the Second World War: Moral cognition and collective action.” Social Forces, 73 (2): 463-496 (1994).
Gutman, Israel (Editor in Chief), Sara Bender (Associate Editor), Lucien Lazare (Volume Editor). The Encyclopedia of the Righteous Among the Nations: Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. France. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003).
Hirschman, Albert O. A Propensity to Self-Subversion. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995).
Hockley, Ralph M. Freedom is not Free. (Houston, TX: Brockton Publishing Co., 2000).
Isenberg, Sheila. A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry. (New York: Random House).
Kedward, H. R. Resistance in Vichy France: A Study of Ideas and Motivation in the Southern Zone, 1940-1942. (Oxford, 1978).
Klein, Anne. “Conscience, conflict and politics: The rescue of political refugees from southern France to the United States, 1940-1942.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 43 (1998), 287-311.
Knout, David. Contributions à l’Histoire de la Résistance Juive en France, 1939-1944. (Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1947).
Latour, A. The Jewish Resistance in France, 1940-1944. (New York, 1981).
Lazare, Luciene. Rescue as Resistance: How Jewish Organization Fought the Holocaust in France. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
Leboucher, Fernande. Translated by J. F. Bernard. Incredible Mission. (Garden city, NY: Doubleday, 1969).
Lehman, Martin Clifford. The History and Principles of Mennonite Relief Work: An Introduction. (Akron, PA: Mennonite Central Committee, 1945).
Levenstein, Aron. Escape to Freedom: The Story of the International Rescue Committee. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983).
Lowrie, Donald A. The Hunted Children. (New York : W. W. Norton & Co., 1963).
Lowrie, Donald. “Chambon-sur-Lignon.” In Jacob Glatstein et al. (Eds.), Anthology of Holocaust Literature. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1968).
Marie-Benoit, T. R. P. “Una lettera di Padre Benedetto,” La Voce della Comunità Israelitica, July 1955.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).
Marrus, Michael, R., and Robert O. Paxton. Vichy France and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1981).
Maxwell, Elisabeth. “The rescue of Jews in France and Belgium during the Holocaust.” Journal of Holocaust Education, 7 (1998), 1-18.
Mehring, Walter, translated by S. A. deWitt. No Road Back. (New York: Samuel Curl, Inc., 1944).
Meyerhof, Walter. “An Episode Missing from Escape Through the Pyrenees by Lisa Fittko.” (Unpublished manuscript.)
Paxton, Robert O. Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940-1944. (New York: Random House, 1972).
Pierrard, Pierre. Juifs et Catholiques Français. (Paris: Fayard, 1970).
Poliakov, Leon. “Jewish Resistance in France, 1: Passive Resistance—The Union Général des Israélites de France (UGIF).” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, VIII, 252-257. (1953).
Poznanski, Renée. Jews in France during World War II. (Hanover: Brandeis University Press, 2001).
Ryan, Donna F. The Holocaust and the Jews of Marseille: The Enforcement of Anti-Semitic Policies in Vichy France. (Urbana, IL: The University of Illinois Press, 1996).
Sabile, Jacques. Les juifs de Tunisie sous Vichy et l’occupation. (Paris, 1954).
Stein, Louis. Beyond Death and Exile: The Spanish Republicans in France, 1939-1955. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), pp. 42-43 and note.
Steinberg, Lucien. “Jewish Rescue Activities in Belgium and France. In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 603-614. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Unitarian Service Committee. Saving the Future in Europe. (Boston: n.p., 1942).
US Holocaust Memorial Museum. Assignment Rescue: The Story of Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee. [Exhibit catalog.] (Washington, DC: US Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1997).
Whitcomb, P. W., trans. France during the German Occupation, 1940-1944. 3 vols. (Stanford, 1959).
Zuccotti, Susan. The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1993).
Unitarian Service Committee references:
Archives and Manuscripts
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Archives. New York City.
Anderson, Paul B. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Chambagne-Urbana, Illinois.
British Secret Intelligence Service. MI-6 Records. Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. “Last Port of Freedom.” Unpublished manuscript. Multiple drafts, undated. Elisabeth Anthony Dexter Papers, Box 16. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. Papers. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Lewis A. “A Memoir of Elisabeth Anthony Dexter: Social Background and Personal Meaning of a Type of Feminist Research,” 17 pp. Undated, unpublished manuscript, in the author’s possession.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. “To Try the Soul’s Strength: A Woman’s Participation in the History of Her Time.” Unpublished manuscript. 1998. Martha and Waitstill Sharp Collection, Box 43, Folder 104, John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Ebel, Miriam Davenport. Papers. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Eliot, Samuel Atkins. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. Memorial Library. Special Collections, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Fisera, Joseph. Archive. U.S. Hololcaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Fry, Varian. Papers. Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City.
Joy, Charles Rhind. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Long, Breckinridge. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Lowrie, Donald A., and Helen O. Lowrie. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Champagne-Urbana, Illinois.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Office of Strategic Services. State Depaertment. State Department Decimal Files. Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland.
Roosevelt, Eleanor. Papers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sharp, Martha and Waitstill. Collection. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Skidmore College. Archives, Saratoga Springs, New York.
Unitarian Service Committee. Records. Audiovisual Records. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Records. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Institutional Archives: Assignment Rescue. Oral History Archives. Photo Archives. Washington, DC.
War Refugee Board. Archives. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidentail Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Published Works
American Labor Conference on International Affairs. “Guide to the American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950,” Taminent Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library. http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alcia.html
Baker Memorial Issue. The Tech. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-45. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981.
Bazarov, Valery. “Schmolka and Stiener: The Return of the Heroes,” Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. www.hias.org/who_we_are/120stories/116Schmolka.pdf
Bénédite, Danny. La Filiere Marseillaise: Un Chemin Vers la Liberté Sous L’Occuption. Paris: Clancier Guenaud, 1984.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. Roots and Visions: The First Fifty Years of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Cambridge, MA: Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, 1990.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. The Devil in France: My Encounter with Him in the Summer of 1940. New York: Viking Press, 1941.
Genizi, Haim. American Apathy: The Plight of Christian Refugees from Nazism. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University, 1983.
Genizi, Haim. “Christian Charity: The Unitarian Service Committee’s Relief Activities on Behalf of Refugees from Nazism, 1940-45.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2, no. 2 (1987): 267-76.
Henry, Richard. Norbert Fabian Capek: A Spiritual Journey. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999.
Howe, Charles A. For Faith and Freedom: A Short History of Unitarianism in Europe. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1997.
Lewis, Flora. Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field. Garden City NY: Doubleday and Company, 1965.
Lewis, James Ford. “The Unitarian Service Committee.” PhD Diss., University of California, 1967.
London, Louise. Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees, and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Lowrie, Donald A. The Hunted Children. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1963.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999.
Pittet, Genevieve. “Passages de frontiers.” In Quelques Actions des Protestants de France: En Faveur des Juifs Persecutes Sous L’Occupation Allemande 1940-1944. Paris: CIMADE, 1945.
Ryan, Donna. “Vichy and the Jews: The Example of Marseille, 1939-44.” 2 vols. PhD diss., University of Maryland, 1984.
Samuel, Vivette. Rescuing the Children: A Holocaust Memoir. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Sanger, Clyde. Lotta and the Unitarian Service Committee Story. Toronto: Stoddard Publishing, 1986.
Weill, Joseph. Le Combat d’un Juste. Bron: Cheminements, 2002.
Wischnitzer, Mark. Visas to Freedom: The History of HIAS. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1956.
Zeitoun, Sabine. L’Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) sous L’Occupation en France. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1990.
Germany and the Holocaust
Browning, Christopher R. The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office: A Study of Referat D III of Abteilung Deutschland 1940-43. (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1978).
Dwork, Debórah, and Robert Jan Van Pelt. Flight from the Reich: Refugee Jews, 1933-1946. (New York: Norton, 2009).
Ericksen, Robert, and Heschel, Susannah (Eds.). Betrayal: German Churches and the Holocaust. (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1999).
Eschwege, Helmut. “Resistance of German Jews against the Nazi Regime.” Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook XV (1970): 143-182.
Friedlander, Saul. Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good. Trans. Charles Fullman. (New York: Knopf, 1969).
Friedman, Philip. “Aspects of Jewish Communal Crisis in the Period of the Nazi Regime in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.” In B. Blau (Ed.), Essays of Jewish Life and Thought. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).
Lewy, Günter. The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
Lindenberg, Kurt. “Escape to Sweden.” In Murray Mindlin (Ed.), with Chaim Bernant, Explorations. (London: Erasmus, 1967).
Littell, Franklin H., & Locke, Hubert, C. (Eds.). The German Church Struggle and the Holocaust. (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1974).
Margaliot, Abraham. “The Problem of the Rescue of German Jewry during the Years 1933-1939: The Reasons for the Delay in their Emigration from the Third Reich.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 247-265. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Great Britain and Refugees
Bentwich, N. They Found Refuge: An Account of British Jewry's Work for the Victims of Nazi Oppression. (London: Cresset Press, 1956).
Berghahn, M. German-Jewish Refugees in England. (London, 1984).
Gilbert, Martin. "British Government Policy towards Jewish Refugees: November 1938-September 1939." Yad Vashem Studies, 13, 127-167. (1979).
Katzburg, Nathaniel. “British Policy on Immigration to Palestine during World War II.” In Yisrael Gutman & Efraim Zuroff (Eds.), Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1977).
Kushner, Tony. The Holocaust and the Liberal Imagination: A Social and Cultural History. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994).
London, L. Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British immigration policy, Jewish refugees and the Holocaust. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
Shatzkes, Pamela. Holocaust and Rescue: Impotent or Indifferent? Anglo-Jewry 1938-1945. (London: Palgrave, 2002).
Sherman, A. J. Island of Refuge: Britain and Refugees from the Third Reich, 1933-1939. (London: P. Elek, 1973).
Stevens, A. The Dispossessed: German Refugees in Britain. (London, 1975).
Vago, Bela. “The British Government and the Fate of Hungarian Jewry in 1944.” In Yisrael Gutman & Efraim Zuroff (Eds.), Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1977).
Wasserstein, Bernard. Britain and the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979).
Yahil, Leni. “Select British Documents on the Illegal Immigration to Palestine.” Yad Vashem Studies X (1974): 241-276.
Yahil, L. “The historiography of the refugee problem and of rescue efforts in the neutral countries.” In Yisrael Gutman and Gideon Greif (Eds.). The Historiography of the Holocaust Period: Proceedings of the Fifth Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, March 1983, pp. 513-533.
Zweig, Ronald. Britain and Palestine during the Second World War. (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1987).
Greece and the Holocaust
Carpi, Daniel. “Notes on the History of the Jews in Greece during the Holocaust Period. The Attitude of the Italians (1941-1943),” in H. Ben-Shahar et al. (eds.), Festschrift in Honor of Dr. George S. Wise. (Tel Aviv, 1981), pp. 25-62.
Duman, Marion and Judy Krausz (Eds.). Compiled, translated and annotated with an introduction by Irith Dublon-Kenbel. German Foreign Office Documents on the Holocaust in Greece (1837-1944). (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 2007).
Fleming, K. E. Greece: A Jewish History. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008).
Rochlitz, Joseph. “Excerpts from the Salonika Diary of Lucillo Merci (February-August 1943).” Yad Vashem Studies, 18 (1987), pp. 293-323.
The Holocaust in Hungary
Anger, Per. Translated by David Mel Paul and Margareta Paul. With Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest: Memories of the War Years in Hungary. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1981).
Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Ben-Tov, Arieh. Facing the Holocaust in Budapest: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943-1945. (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988).
Braham, Randolph L. The Destruction of Hungarian Jewry. (New York: Twayne, 1963).
Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Hungarian-Jewish Studies. (New York: World Federation of Hungarian Jews, 1966).
Braham, Randolph L. “The treatment of Hungarian Jews in German-occupied Europe.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 125-146.
Braham, Randolph L. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).
Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.), with Scott Miller. The Nazis’ Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998).
Cesarani, David, ed. Genocide and Rescue: The Holocaust in Hungary 1944. (Oxford: Berg, 1997).
Cohen, Asher, translated by Carl Alpert. The Halutz Resistance in Hungary 1942-1944. (New York: Social Science Monographs, Boulder, and Institute for Holocaust Studies of the City University of New York, 1986).
Fenyvesi, Charles. When Angels Fooled the World: Rescuers of Jews in Wartime Hungary. (Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press/Dryad Press, 2003).
Freudinger, Fülöp, et al. “Report on Hungary: March 19-August 9, 1944.” Hungarian-Jewish Studies, III, 75-146. (1973).
György, Ferenc. A budai Szent Erbébet-kórház legendája [The Legend of Saint Elizabeth Hospital of Buda]. (Budapest: Világ [World], 1947.
Hetényi, Varga K. “Akiket üldöztek az igazságért” [Those Who Were Persecuted Because of the Truth]. Ecclesia, Budapest, 1985. Cited in Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Kramer, T. D. From Emancipation to Catastrophe: The Rise and Holocaust of Hungarian Jewry. (New York: University Press of America).
Langlet, Valdemar. Verk och dagar i Budapest (Work and Days in Budapest). (Stockholm: Wahlstrom & Widstrand, 1946).
Lévai, Jenö. Black Book on the Martyrdom of Hungarian Jewry. (Central European Times Publishing, 1948).
Lévai, Jenö, translated by Frank Vajda. Raoul Wallenberg: His Remarkable Life, Heroic Battles and the Secret of his Mysterious Disappearance. (Melbourne, 1988, originally published in Hungarian in 1948).
Lévai, Jenö. Zsidósors Magyarországon [Jewish Fate in Hungary]. (Budapest: Magyar Téka, 1948).
Lévai, Jenö. Szürke könyv magyar zsidík megmentéséröl [Grey Book on the Rescuing of Hungarian Jews]. (Budapest: Officina, 1946). Cited in Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Lévai, Jenö. Fehér könyv, Külföldi akciók zsidók megmentésére [White Book, Foreign Actions for the Rescuing of Jews.]. (Budapest: Officina, 1946). Contains detailed accounts of the interventions of the diplomatic missions in Budapest, 1944-45.
Lévai, Jenö. Hungarian Jewry and the Papacy: Pope Pius XII Did Not Remain Silent. (London: Sands and Co., 1968), pp. 39, 44. Refers to M. Rotta and to Uditore Verolino by name. 15,000 safe passes issued (only 2,500 were permitted).
Meszlényi, Antal (Ed.). A magyar katolikus egyház és as emberi jogok védelme [The Hungarian Roman Catholic Church and the Protection of Human Rights]. (Budapest: Stephaneum, 1947).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats in World War II. (Portugal: Diplomatic Institute, 2000).
Morley, John. Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews during the Holocaust, 1939-1943. (New York: Ktav, 1980).
Patai, Raphael. The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology. Detroit, MI: (Wayne State University Press, 1996).
Penkower, Monty Noam. The Jews Were Expendable: Free World diplomacy and the Holocaust. (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983).
Péterffy Gedeon, a katolikus papnevelde elöljárójának nyilatkozata a magyar katolikus egyház szerepér öl a zsidótörvények és zsidóüldözések idején [The Statement of Gedeon Péterffy, the Leader of the Catholic Seminary During the Period of the Jewish Laws and Jewish Persecutions]. (Budapest, Haladás [Progress], December 29, 1945.
Pëto, Ernö. “Statement.” Hungarian-Jewish Studies, III, 49-74. (1973).
Rosenfeld, Harvey. Raoul Wallenberg, Angel of Rescue: Heroism and Torment in the Gulag. (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books).
Rothkirchen, Livia. “Emdat ha-vatican veha-knesiot be-hungaria le’-pitron ha-she’eilah ha-yehudit [The position of the Vatican and the Hungarian Churches on the ‘Solution of the Jewish Question’].” Ha-umah [The Nation], 21 (1967), 79-85.
Rotta, Angelo. “A budapesti nunciatura diplomáciai akciója a zsidók érdekében [The diplomatic campaign of the Budapest Nunciature on behalf of the Jews].” In Antal Meszlényi (Ed.), A magyar katolikus egyház és as emberi jogok védelme [The Hungarian Roman Catholic Church and the Protection of Human Rights]. (Budapest: Stephaneum, 1947), pp. 21-30.
Rozett, Robert. “From Poland to Hungary: Rescue attempts 1943-1944.” Yad Vashem Studies, 24 (1994), 177-194.
Stern, Samu. “A Race with Time: A Statement.” In vol. 3 of Hungarian Jewish Studies, edited by R. L. Braham, pp. 1-47. (New York, 1973).
Szenes, S. Befejezetlen múlt [Unfinished Past]. (Budapest: Author, 1984). Cited in Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Sztehló, Gábor. Isten kezében [In God’s Hand]. (Budapest: A Magyarországi Evangelikus Egyház Sajtóosztálya, 1986). Cited in Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Ujvári, Sándor. “Szabálytalan önéletrajz [An Irregular Autobiography].” Menora, February 17, 1979. (The author’s rescue activities under the auspices of Rotta and Verolino.)
Vago, Bela. “The British Government and the Fate of Hungarian Jewry in 1944.” In Yisrael Gutman & Efraim Zuroff (Eds.), Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1977).
Vatican (Holy See). Actes et documents du Saint-Siège relatifs à la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. 12 vols. (1966-1981). [This is a history published by the Vatican. It has information on Monsignors Rotta and Roncalli and other Vatican nuncios and representatives who helped Jews during the period of the Holocaust.]
YIVO. Testimonies of Jewish leaders and others on deportations of Jews in Hungary in 1944. File no. 768. n.d.
Italy and the Holocaust
Alfieri, Dino. Deux dictateurs face à face: Rome-Berlin, 1939-1943. (Paris, 1948).
Avarna di Gualtieri, Carlo. “Gli ebrei e l’occupazione italiana in Francia,” Nuova Antologia (January 1962), pp. 245-248.
Avni, Haim. “Spanish Nationals in Greece and their Fate during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), pp. 31-68.
Bastianini, Giuseppe. Uomini, cose, fatti: Memorie di un ambasciator. (Milan, 1959).
Ben, Y. Greek Jewry in the Holocaust and the Resistance, 1941-1944. (Tel Aviv, 1985). In Hebrew.
Capano, Renato Perrone. La Resistenza in Roma. (Naples: G. Macchiaroli, 1963).
Caracciolo, Nicola, translated and edited by Florette Rechnitz Koffler & Richard Koffler. Uncertain Refuge: Italy and the Jews during the Holocaust. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1986).
Carpi, Daniel. “The diplomatic negotiations over the transfer of Jewish children from Croatia to Turkey and Palestine in 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 109-124.
Carpi, Daniel. "The Rescue of Jews in the Italian Zone of Occupied Croatia." In Rescue Attempts During the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 465-526. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Carpi, Daniel. "Notes on the History of the Jews in Greece during the Holocaust Period: The Attitude of the Italians (1941-1943)." In Festschrift in Honor of Dr. George S. Wise, H. Ben-Shahar et al., Eds., pp. 25-62. (Tel Aviv, 1981).
Carpi, Daniel. “The Italian Diplomat Luca Pietromarchi and His Activities on Behalf of the Jews in Croatia and Greece,” Yalkut Moreshet, 33 (1982), pp. 145-152 (Hebrew).
Carpi, Daniel. Aid to Jews by Italians. In Gutman, Yisrael (Ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1990), pp. 729-730.
Carpi, Daniel. Between Mussolini and Hitler: The Jews and the Italian Authorities in France and Tunisia. (Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 1994).
Carpi, Daniel (Ed.). Italian Diplomatic Documents on the History of the Holocaust in Greece (1941-1943). (Tel Aviv: Diaspora Research Institute, 1999).
Chadwick, Owen. “Weizsäcker, the Vatican, and the Jews of Rome.” In Michael Marrus (Ed.), The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews. (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1989), pp. 1263-1283.
Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975).
Deaglio, Enrico, translated by Gregory Conti. The Banality of Goodness: The Story of Giorgio Perlasca. (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998).
De Felice, Renzo. The Jews in Fascist Italy: A History. (New York: Enigma Books, 2001).
Della Rocca, Roberto Morozzo. “Roncalli Diplomatico in Turchia e Grecia, 1935-1944” in Cristianesimo nella Storia, VIII/2. (1987), pp. 33-72, particularly pp. 55-56, 58.
Diamant, Zanuel. “Jewish Refugees on the French Riviera.” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science III (m1953): 264-280.
Duman, Marion and Judy Krausz (Eds.). Compiled, translated and annotated with an introduction by Irith Dublon-Kenbel. German Foreign Office Documents on the Holocaust in Greece (1837-1944). (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 2007).
Fein, Helen. Accounting for Genocide. (New York: Free Press, 1979).
Fleming, K. E. Greece: A Jewish History. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008).
Herzer, Ivo. The Italian Refuge: Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. (Washington: Catholic University Press, 1989).
Italian Foreign Ministry. Reports of February 27, March 9 and 20, 1943, Archives of the Italian Foreign Ministry.
Jasa, Romano. “Jews in the Rab Camp and Their Participation in the Liberation War.” Zbornik, 2. (1973), p. 70.
Korman, Gerd (Ed.). Hunter and Hunted: Human History of the Holocaust. (New York: Viking Press, 1973).
László, Elek. Az Olasz Wallenberg [The Italian Wallenberg]. (Budapest: Szécheny Kiado KFT, 1989).
Leboucher, Fernande. Translated by J. F. Bernard. Incredible Mission. (Garden city, NY: Doubleday, 1969).
Levin, Nora. The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry, 1933-1945. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1968).
Marie-Benoit, T. R. P. “Una lettera di Padre Benedetto,” La Voce della Comunità Israelitica, July 1955.
Matkovski, Alexandar. A History of the Jews in Macedonia.
Matsas, Michael. The Illusion of Safety: The Story of the Greek Jews During World War II. (New York: Pella Publishing Co., 1997).
Marrus, Michael, R., and Robert O. Paxton. Vichy France and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1981).
Michaelis, Meir. The Holocaust in Italy: Area of Inquiry IV: The Italian Occupied Territories. In Berenbaum, Michael, and Abraham J. Peck (Eds.). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, pp. 455-461. (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998).
Michaelis, Meir. Mussolini and the Jews: German-Italian Relations and the Jewish Question in Italy, 1922-1945. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978).
Molho, M., & J. Nehama. The Destruction of Greek Jewry, 1941-1945. (Jerusalem, 1965). In Hebrew.
Möllhausen, Eitel Friedrich. Die Gebrochene Achse [The Broken Axis] (Luxembourg: Alpha Verlag, 1949).
Möllhausen, Eitel Friedrich. Il giuoco è fatto! (Florence, 1951).
Morelli, Anne. “Les diplomates italiens en Belgique et la ‘question juive,’ 1938-1943,” Bulletin de l’Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 53-54 (1983-1984), pp. 357-407.
Ortona, Egidio. “Il 1943 da Palazzo Chigi: Note di Diario,” Storia Contemporanea, 14 (1983), pp. 1076-1147.
Picciotto, Liliana. Italians and Jews During the Fascist and German Persecutions. In Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003), pp. 508-517.
Pietromarchi, Luca. “Frammenti delle memorie dell’ambasciatore Luca Pietromarchi. La difesa degli ebrei nel ’43,” Nuova Antologia, fasc 2161 (January-March 1987), pp. 241-247.
Poliakov, Leon, and Jacques Sabille. Jews under the Italian occupation. (Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1955).
Poznanski, Renée. Jews in France during World War II. (Hanover: Brandeis University Press, 2001).
Rahn, Rudolph. Ruheloses Leben: Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen [Restless Life: Reflections and Memories]. (Dusseldorf: Diederichs Verlag, 1949).
Rahn, Rudolf. Un diplomate dans la tourmente. (Paris, 1948).
Reitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945. (New York: The Beechhurst Press, 1953).
Roatta, Mario. Otto milioni di baionette: L’esercito italiano in guerra dal 1940 al 1944. (Milan, 1946).
Rochlitz, Joseph. “Excerpts from the Salonika Diary of Lucillo Merci (February-August 1943).” Yad Vashem Studies, 18 (1987), pp. 293-323.
Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe, Pope John XXIII. Edited by Don Loris Capovilla. Translated by Dorothy White. Mission to France, 1944-1953. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966).
Rozett, Robert. “Child Rescue in Budapest,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2 (1987), pp. 49-59.
Sabile, Jacques. Les juifs de Tunisie sous Vichy et l’occupation. (Paris, 1954).
Steinberg, Jonathan. All or nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941-1943. (New York: Routledge, 1990).
Sweets, John F. Jews and Non-Jews in France During the Second World War. In Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003), pp. 361-373.
Verax [Roberto Ducci]. “Italiani ed ebrei in Jugoslavia,” Politica Estera, I. (Rome, 1944), pp. 21-29.
Yahil, Leni. The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jews. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Waagenaar, Sam. The Pope’s Jews. (La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishers, 1974).
Wolff, Walter. Bad Times, Good People: A Holocaust Survivor Recounts His Life in Italy During World War II. (Whittier Publications, 1999).
Zuccotti, Susan. The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescue, Survival. (New York: Basic Books, 1987).
Zuccotti, Susan. The Rescue of Jews in Italy and the Existence of a Papal Directive. In Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003), pp.519-535.
Zur, Yaron. “The Jews of Tunisia under the German Occupation: A Divided Community in Time of Crisis,” Contemporary Jewry, 2 (1985), pp. 169-172.
Japan and the Holocaust
Shillony, Ben-Ami. The Jews and the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders. (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1991).
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Flight and Rescue. (Washington, DC: Author, 2001).
Zuroff, Efraim. “Attempts to obtain Shanghai permits in 1941: A case of rescue priority during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 321-351.
Mexico and the Holocaust
Barron, Stephanie, with Saline Eckmann. Exiles & Emigrés: The Flight of European Artists from Hitler. (Los Angeles: Museum Association, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1997).
Barros Horcasitas, Beatriz. “Gilberto Bosques Saldívar, adalid del asilo diplomático.” Sólo Historia, 12 (2001), pp. 74-87.
Bénédite, Daniel. La Filiere Marseillaise. (Paris: Clancier-Guenaud, 1984).
Bosques, Gilberto. The National Revolutionary Party of Mexico and the Six-Year Plan. (Mexico: Bureau of Foreign Information of the National Revolutionary Party, 1937).
Cline, H. F. The United States and Mexico. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953).
De Sierra, Teresa. Testimonios de Décadas Olvidadas: Conversaciones con Gilberto Bosques Saldívar. (Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Colima, 1998).
Eck, Nathan. “The Rescue of Jews with the Aid of Passports and Citizenship Papers of Latin American States.” Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, 1 (1957), pp. 125-152.
Fermi, Laura. Illustrious Immigrants: The Intellectual Migration from Europe 1930-1941. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).
Fry, Varian. Assignment Rescue. (New York: Scholastic, 1997).
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. (New York: Random House, 1945), p. 127.
Klein, Anne. “Conscience, conflict and politics: The rescue of political refugees from southern France to the United States, 1940-1942.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 43 (1998), 287-311.
Schuler, Friedrich E. Mexico Between Hitler and Roosevelt: Mexican Foreign Relations in the Age of Lázaro Cárdens, 1934-1940. (Albequerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1998).
Articles and Books on Bosques in Spanish or German
Alexander, Brigitte. Die Ruckkehr: Erzählunen und Stücke aus dem Exile. (Berlin: Wolfgang Weist, 2005).
Barros Horcasitas, Beatriz. “Gilberto Bosques Saldívar, adalid del asilo diplomático.” Sólo Historia, 12 (2001), pp. 74-87.
Bosques Saldívar, Gilberto. Gilberto Bosques Saldívar: H. Congreso del Estado de Puebla. LII Legislatura. (San Andrés Cholula, Puebla: Imagen Pública y Corporativa).
Carrillo Vivas, Gonzalo, “A los 84 años del desembarco de los marines en el Puerto de Veracruz,” Bulevar, 4 (1993), Mexico.
Carrillo Vivas, Gonzalo, “Poeta: Gilberto Bosques Saldívar,” Bulevar, 8 (1994), Mexico.
Garay, Graciela de, coord., Gilberto Bosques, historia oral de la diplomacia mexicana. Mexico, Archivo Histórico Diplomático, 1988.
Kloyber, Christian (Ed.). Exilio y Cultura: El Exilio Cultural Austriaco en México. (Mexico: Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, 2002).
Kloyber, Christian. Österreicher in Exil, Mexico 1938-1947: Eine Dokumentation. (Wien: Verlag Deutsche, 2002).
Rodriguez, Luis I. Misión de Luis I. Rodriguez en Francia: La protección de los refugiados españoles, Julio a diciembre de 1940. (Mexico: El Colegio de México, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2000).
Romero Flores, Jesús, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Mexico, SEP, 1960.
Salado, Minerva, Cuba, revolución en la memoria. Mexico, IPN, 1989.
Salzman, Daniela Gleizer. México Frente a la Inmigración de Refugiados Judíos: 1934-1940. (Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historía, 2000).
Serrano Migallón, Fernanco, El asilo politico en Mexico. Mexico, Porrúa, 1988.
Von Hanffstengel, Renata, Tercero, Cecilia (Eds.). México, El Exilio Bien Temperado. (Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Interculturales Germano-Mexicanas,1995).
Von Hanffstengel, Renata, Vasconcelos, Cecilia T., Nungesser, Michael, & Boullosa, Carmen. Encuentros Gráficos 1938-1948. (Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Interculturales Germano-Mexicanas, 1999).
The Netherlands and the Holocaust
Baron, Lawrence. “The Dutchness of Dutch rescuers: The national dimension of altruism.” In Oliner, Pearl M., Oliner, Samuel P., Baron, Lawrence, Blum, Lawrence A., Krebs, Dennis L., Smolenska, M. Zuzanna (Eds.), Embracing the Other: Philosophical, Psychological, and Historical Perspectives on Altruism. (New York: New York University Press, 1992, 306-327).
Baron, Lawrence. “The mobilization of moral outrage: Calvinist and Socialist rescue networks for Jews in Nazi-occupied Holland.” Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, San Francisco, California, April 9, 1995.
Baron, Lawrence. “Parochialism, patriotism, and philo-Semitism: Why members of the Reformed Churches rescued Jews in the Netherlands during the Holocaust.” Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Conference of the Midwest Jewish Studies Association, October 22 and 23, 1995, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Flim, Bert Jan, translated by Jeannette K. Ringold. Saving the Children: History of the Organized Effort to Rescue Jewish Children in the Netherlands, 1942-1945. (Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2005).
Gross, Michael L. “Jewish rescue in Holland and France during the Second World War: Moral cognition and collective action.” Social Forces, 73 (2): 463-496 (1994).
Jong, Louis de. “Jews and Non-Jews in Nazi Occupied Holland.” In Max Beloff (Ed.), On the Track of Tyranny. (London: Wiener Library, 1960).
Michman, Joseph. “The Controversial Stand of the Joodse Raad in the Netherlands: Lodewijk E. Visser’s Struggle.” Yad Vashem Studies, X, 9-68. (1974).
Presser, Jacob, translated by Arnold Pomerans. The Destruction of the Dutch Jews. (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1969).
Norway and the Holocaust
Abrahamsen, Samuel. Norway’s Response to the Holocaust: A Historical Perspective. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1991).
Cohen, Maynard M. A Stand Against Tyranny: Norway’s Physicians and the Nazis. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997).
Hoye, Bjarne, & Ager, Trygve M. The Flight of the Norwegian Church against Nazism. (New York: Macmillan, 1943).
Poland and the Holocaust
Bogner, Nahum. “The convent children: The rescue of Jewish children in Polish convents during the Holocaust.” In Silberklang, David (Ed.), Yad Vashem Studies, Vol. XXVII. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1999, 235-285).
Tec, Nechama. When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
Tomaszewski, Irene and Tecia Werbowski. Zegota: The Rescue of Jews in Wartime Poland. (Montreal, Canada: Price-Patterson, 1994).
Zielinski, Zygmunt. “Activities of Catholic orders on behalf of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland.” In Kulka, Otto Dov, & Mendes-Flohr, Paul R. (Eds.), Judaism and Christianity Under the Impact of National Socialism. (Jerusalem: The Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1987, 381-394.)
Portugal and the Holocaust
Leshem, P. “Rescue Efforts in the Iberian Peninsula.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 14. (1969), pp. 231-256.
Milgram, Avraham. “Portugal, the Consuls, and the Jewish Refugees, 1938-1941.” Yad Vashem Studies, 27 (1999), pp. 123-155.
Milgram, Avraham. “The bounds of neutrality: Portugal and the repatriation of its Jewish nations.” Yad Vashem Studies, 31 (2003), pp. 201-244.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats in World War II. (Portugal: Diplomatic Institute, 2000).
Red Cross and the Holocaust
Dunand, Georges. Ne perdez pas leur trace.
Romania and the Holocaust
Lavi, T. “Documents on the struggle of Rumanian Jewry for its rights during the Second World War.” Yad Vashem Studies, 4 (1960), 261-315.
Lavi, Theodore. The Vatican’s Endeavours on Behalf of Roumanian Jewry during World War II. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1961).
Marina, Mihai. “Nu puteam ramine impasibili!” [We could not remain impassive!] Magazin Istoric [Historical Magazine), Bucharest, no. 67, June 1976, pp. 39-41. See also pp. 37-38.
Tilavi. Yeudei Romania be Maavak als Atmala. (Jerusalem, 1962), quoted in Avner Levi, p. 166.
Vago, Bela. “Jewish Leadership Groups in Hungary and Rumania during the Holocaust.” Address presented to the International Scholars Conference on the Holocaust – A Generation After, New York City, March 1975.
Russia and the Holocaust
Ainsztein, Reuben. Jewish Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Europe: With a Historical Survey of the Jew as Fighter and Soldier in the Diaspora. (London: Paul Elek, 1974).
Meyer, Peter, et al. The Jews in the Soviet Satellites. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1953).
Bela Vago & George L. Mosse (Eds.), Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern Europe, 1918-1945. (New York: Wiley, 1974).
Slovakia and the Holocaust
Rotkirchen, Livia. The Destruction of Slovak Jewry. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1961). (Hebrew text, English summary.)
Rotkirchen, Livia. “Vatican Policy and the ‘Jewish Problem’ in ‘Independent’ Slovakia.” Yad Vashem Studies, VI: 27-51. (1967).
Spain and the Holocaust
Alexy, Trudy. The Mezuzah in the Madonna’s Foot. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).
Avni, Haim. “Spanish Nationals in Greece and their Fate during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), pp. 31-68.
Avni, Haim. Spain, the Jews and Franco. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1982).
García, Figueras. Spain, Franco and the Jews. (Madrid, 1988).
Leshem, P. “Rescue Efforts in the Iberian Peninsula.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 14. (1969), pp. 231-256.
Spanish Foreign Ministry. “Spanish Diplomats During the Holocaust.” [Downloaded from http://www.mae.es on 3/21/04.]
Sweden and the Holocaust
Carlgren, W. M. Swedish Foreign Policy during the Second World War. (London, 1977).
Kersten, Felix, ed. by Herma Briffault, trans. by Ernest Morwitz. The Memoirs of Doctor Felix Kersten. (New York: Doubleday, 1947).
Koblik, Steven. The Stones Cry Out: Sweden’s Response to the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1988).
Levine, Paul A. From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust: 1938-1944. (Uppsala, Sweden: 1998).
Levine, Paul A. Bureaucracy, resistance, and the Holocaust: Understanding the success of Swedish diplomacy in Budapest, 1944-1945. In Berenbaum, Michael, and Abraham J. Peck (Eds.). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, pp. 518-535. (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998).
Levine, Paul A. Attitudes and action: Comparing the responses of mid-level bureaucrats to the Holocaust. In Cesarani, David, and Paul A. Levine. ‘Bystanders’ to the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation, pp. 212-236. (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2002).
Lindenberg, Kurt. “Escape to Sweden.” In Murray Mindlin (Ed.), with Chaim Bernant, Explorations. (London: Erasmus, 1967).
Moore, Bob. Survivors: Jewish Self-help and Rescue in Nazi-occupied Western Europe. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Valentin, H. “Rescue and Relief Activities in Behalf of Jewish Victims of Nazism in Scandinavia.” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, 8 (1953): 224-251.
Yahil, L. “Scandinavian Countries to the Rescue of Concentration Camp Prisoners.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 181-220.
Switzerland and the Holocaust
Häsler, Alfred A., translated by Charles Lam Markmann. The Lifeboat is Full. (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969).
Wagner, Meir. The Righteous of Switzerland: Heroes of the Holocaust. (Tel Aviv: Ktav, 2001).
Turkey and the Holocaust
Barlas, H. Rescue during the Holocaust. (Naharia, Israel, 1974, in Hebrew).
Carpi, Daniel. “The diplomatic negotiations over the transfer of Jewish children from Croatia to Turkey and Palestine in 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 109-124.
Ofer, D. “The Rescue Activities of the Jewish Agency Delegation in Istanbul in 1943.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff, pp. 435-450. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Shaw, Stanford J. Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey’s Role in Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi Persecution, 1933-1945. (New York: New York University Press, 1993).
United States of America and the Holocaust
Agar, H. The Saving Remnant: An Account of Jewish Survival. (New York: Viking, 1960).
American Jewish Committee. American Jewish Yearbook. Vols. XXXII-XLVIII. (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1931-1947).
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Aiding Jews Overseas: Reports of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1942.
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, The Rescue of Stricken Jews in a World at War, December 1943.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981).
Bauer, Yehuda. My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Joint Distribution Committee. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1974).
Baumel, Judith Tydor. Unfulfilled Promise: Rescue and Resettlement of Jewish Children in the United States, 1934-1945 (1990).
Bernard, William S., ed. American Immigration Policy. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950.
Blum, John M., ed. The Morgenthau Diaries. 3 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967).
Blum, J. M. Roosevelt and Morgenthau: A Revision and Condensation of “From the Morgenthau Diaries.” (Boston, 1970).
Breitman, Richard. Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew. (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998).
Breitman, Richard, & Alan Kraut, American Refugee Policy and European Jewry, 1933-1945 (1987).
Breitman, Richard, Barbara McDonald Stewart, and Severin Hochberg (Eds.). Advocate for the Doomed: The Diaries and Papers of James G. McDonald, 1932-1935. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007).
Celler, Emanuel. You Never Leave Brooklyn. (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1948).
Childs, Rives. Foreign Service Farewell, pp. 116-117.
Clarke, Jeanne Nienaber. Roosevelt’s Warrior: Harold L. Ickes and the New Deal. (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
Davie, Maurice R. Refugees in America. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.
Divine, Robert A. American Immigration Policy 1924-1952. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.
DuBois, Josiah E., Jr., The Devil’s Chemists. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1952).
Feingold, Henry. The Politics of Rescue: The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust, 1938-1944. (New Brunswick, NJ:(New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1970).
Feingold, Henry L. “Who Shall Bear the Guilt for the Holocaust: The Human Dilemma.” American Jewish History, 7, 1-22.
Friedman, Saul S. No Haven for the Oppressed. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1973).
Fry, Varian. Assignment Rescue. (New York: Scholastic, 1997).
Fry, Varian. “France, Once ‘Haven of Exiles’ Becomes Gestapo Man-trap.” The New Leader (25 April 1942): 5.
Fry, Varian. “The Massacre of the Jews.” Jewish Spectator.
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. (New York: Random House, 1945).
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. (Colorado: Johnson Books, 1997).
Gilbert, Martin. Auschwitz and the Allies: A Devastating Account of How the Allies Responded to the News of Hitler’s Mass Murder. (New York: Henry Holt, 1981).
Ginzberg, Eli. Report to American Jews on Overseas Relief, Palestine and Refugees in the United States. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1942).
Gruber, Ruth. Haven. (2000).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Life Line to a Promised Land. (New York: Vanguard Press, 1946).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Caution to the Winds. (New York: David McKay Co., 1962).
Hockley, Ralph M. Freedom is not Free. (Houston, TX: Brockton Publishing Co., 2000).
Hutchinson, Edward Prince. Legislative History of American Immigration Policy 1798-1965. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.
Ickes, Harold L. The Autobiography of a Curmudgeon. (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1945.
Ickes, Harold L. The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1954).
Isenberg, Sheila. A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry. (New York: Random House).
Kraut, Alan M., and Richard Breitman. American Refugee Policy and European Jews. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987).
Lipstat, Deborah. Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust. (New York: The Free Press, 1986).
Maga, Timothy. America, France and the European Refugee Problem. New York: Garland, 1985.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).
Marrus, Michael R. The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Morse, Arthur D. While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy. (New York: Random House, 1967).
Penkower, Monty Noam. The Jews Were Expendable: Free World diplomacy and the Holocaust. (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983).
Roosevelt, Eleanor. This I Remember. (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949).
Rothkirchen, Livia (Ed.). “Rescue efforts with the assistance of international organization: Documents from the archives of Dr. A. Silberschein.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), 69-80.
Shafir, Shlomo. “American Diplomats in Berlin (1933-1939) and their Attitude to the Nazi Persecution of the Jews.” Yad Vashem Studies, 9 (1973), pp. 71-104.
Shafir, Shlomo. “George S. Messersmith: An Anti-Nazi Diplomat’s View of the German Jewish Crisis.” Jewish Social Studies.
Stuart, Graham H. The Department of State: A History of its Organization, Procedure and Personal. New York: MacMillan and Company, 1949.
Thompson, Dorothy. Refugees, Anarchy or Organization. (New York: Random House, 1938).
Thompson, Dorothy. Let the Record Speak. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939).
Thompson, Dorothy. “Refugees, A World Problem,” Foreign Affairs, XVI (April 1938).
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Correspondence. Washington, D.C., 1963-69. (Covers the years 1933-1945.)
Watkins, T. H. “Harold LeClair Ickes.” In John A. Garraty & Mark C. Carnes (Eds.), American National Biography, Vol. II. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 626-628).
Welles, Sumner. The Time for Decision. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1944.
White, Graham, & John Maze. Harold Ickes of the New Deal: His Private Life and Public Career. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985).
Wyman, David S. Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis, 1939-1941. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1968).
Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945. (New York: Pantheon, 1984).
Wyman, David S. and Rafael Medoff. A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust. (New York: The New Press, 2002).
Zucker, Bat-Ami. In Search of Refuge: Jews and US Consuls in Nazi Germany, 1933-1941. (Valentine Mitchell, 2001).
Archive Collections Relating to America and the Holocaust
Varian Fry papers, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Washington, DC. The INS holds unpublished documents relating to alien immigration.
Breckinridge Long papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
National Archives, Washington, DC: General Records of the Department of State (RG59), files 840.48 refugees and 811.111 refugees; Records of the Department of Labor (RG174).
Washington National Records Center, College Park, MD: State Department diplomatic post records (RG84), records of the Vichy embassy and the Marseille consulate, 1940-1941; Records of the Department of State visa division (RG59), files 811.111 refugees; Records of the Department of State (RG59), files 150.62 Public Charge (entry of aliens into the United States).
Reinhold Neibuhr papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Neibuhr sat on the board of the Emergency Rescue Committee (ERC) in New York City.
Published Documents Relating to America and the Holocaust
The Department of State Bulletin. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1939-1942.
Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918-1945. Series D, The War Years. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1957-1960.
Historical Statistics of the United States 1789-1943. Washington: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975.
History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1980. (Photocopy at the Immigration and Naturalization Service library, Washington, DC.)
Immigration and Naturalization Service, Annual Reports:
Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1940.
“Report of Special Assistant to the Attorney General Lemuel B. Schofeld in Charge of the Immigration and Naturalization Service,” for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1941. (Photocopy at the Immigration and Naturalization Service library, Washington, DC.)
“Annual Report of Lemuel B. Schofeld, Special Assistant to the Attorney General in Charge of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Year Ended June 30, 1942.” (Photocopy at the Immigration and Naturalization Service library, Washington, DC.)
Laws Applicable to Immigration and Nationality. Compiled under the Direction of Carl B. Hyatt, Assistant Commissioner, Citizenship Services and Instructions Division, Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Department of Justice, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1953.
Statutes at Large of the United States of America. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
Unitarian Service Committee references:
Archives and Manuscripts
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Archives. New York City.
Anderson, Paul B. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Chambagne-Urbana, Illinois.
British Secret Intelligence Service. MI-6 Records. Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. “Last Port of Freedom.” Unpublished manuscript. Multiple drafts, undated. Elisabeth Anthony Dexter Papers, Box 16. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. Papers. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Lewis A. “A Memoir of Elisabeth Anthony Dexter: Social Background and Personal Meaning of a Type of Feminist Research,” 17 pp. Undated, unpublished manuscript, in the author’s possession.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. “To Try the Soul’s Strength: A Woman’s Participation in the History of Her Time.” Unpublished manuscript. 1998. Martha and Waitstill Sharp Collection, Box 43, Folder 104, John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Ebel, Miriam Davenport. Papers. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Eliot, Samuel Atkins. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. Memorial Library. Special Collections, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Fisera, Joseph. Archive. U.S. Hololcaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Fry, Varian. Papers. Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City.
Joy, Charles Rhind. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Long, Breckinridge. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Lowrie, Donald A., and Helen O. Lowrie. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Champagne-Urbana, Illinois.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Office of Strategic Services. State Depaertment. State Department Decimal Files. Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland.
Roosevelt, Eleanor. Papers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sharp, Martha and Waitstill. Collection. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Skidmore College. Archives, Saratoga Springs, New York.
Unitarian Service Committee. Records. Audiovisual Records. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Records. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Institutional Archives: Assignment Rescue. Oral History Archives. Photo Archives. Washington, DC.
War Refugee Board. Archives. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidentail Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Published Works
American Labor Conference on International Affairs. “Guide to the American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950,” Taminent Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library. http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alcia.html
Baker Memorial Issue. The Tech. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-45. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981.
Bazarov, Valery. “Schmolka and Stiener: The Return of the Heroes,” Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. www.hias.org/who_we_are/120stories/116Schmolka.pdf
Bénédite, Danny. La Filiere Marseillaise: Un Chemin Vers la Liberté Sous L’Occuption. Paris: Clancier Guenaud, 1984.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. Roots and Visions: The First Fifty Years of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Cambridge, MA: Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, 1990.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. The Devil in France: My Encounter with Him in the Summer of 1940. New York: Viking Press, 1941.
Genizi, Haim. American Apathy: The Plight of Christian Refugees from Nazism. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University, 1983.
Genizi, Haim. “Christian Charity: The Unitarian Service Committee’s Relief Activities on Behalf of Refugees from Nazism, 1940-45.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2, no. 2 (1987): 267-76.
Henry, Richard. Norbert Fabian Capek: A Spiritual Journey. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999.
Howe, Charles A. For Faith and Freedom: A Short History of Unitarianism in Europe. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1997.
Lewis, Flora. Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field. Garden City NY: Doubleday and Company, 1965.
Lewis, James Ford. “The Unitarian Service Committee.” PhD Diss., University of California, 1967.
London, Louise. Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees, and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Lowrie, Donald A. The Hunted Children. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1963.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999.
Pittet, Genevieve. “Passages de frontiers.” In Quelques Actions des Protestants de France: En Faveur des Juifs Persecutes Sous L’Occupation Allemande 1940-1944. Paris: CIMADE, 1945.
Ryan, Donna. “Vichy and the Jews: The Example of Marseille, 1939-44.” 2 vols. PhD diss., University of Maryland, 1984.
Samuel, Vivette. Rescuing the Children: A Holocaust Memoir. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Sanger, Clyde. Lotta and the Unitarian Service Committee Story. Toronto: Stoddard Publishing, 1986.
Weill, Joseph. Le Combat d’un Juste. Bron: Cheminements, 2002.
Wischnitzer, Mark. Visas to Freedom: The History of HIAS. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1956.
Zeitoun, Sabine. L’Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) sous L’Occupation en France. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1990.
Yugoslavia and the Holocaust
Alkaly, David. “The Fate of the Jews of Yugoslavia.” Yad Vashem Bulletin, VI, 19-21. (October 1959).
Carpi, Daniel. "The Rescue of Jews in the Italian Zone of Occupied Croatia." In Rescue Attempts During the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 465-526. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Federation of Jewish Communities of Yugoslavia. The Crimes of the Fascist Occupants and Their Collaborators against Jews in Yugoslavia. (Belgrade: ISJOJ, 1957). (Serbo-Croat text, English summary).
Pattee, Richard. The Case of Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac. (Milwaukee, WI: Bruce, 1953).
Sabille, Jacques. “Attitude of the Italians to the Persecuted Jews in Croatia.” In L. Poliakov & J. Sabille (Eds.), Jews under the Italian Occupation. (Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1955).
Verax [Roberto Ducci]. “Italiani ed ebrei in Jugoslavia,” Politica Estera, I. (Rome, 1944), pp. 21-29.
Churches and the Holocaust, Including the Vatican
Abrahamsen, Samuel. The role of the Norwegian Lutheran Church during World War II. In Remembering for the Future: Jews and Christians During and After the Holocaust, Vol. 1. (Oxford: Pergamon, 1988, 3-17).
Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Baranowski, Shelley. The Confessing Church, Conservative Elites, and the Nazi State. (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1986).
Barnett, Victoria J. For the Soul of the People: Protestant Protest Against Hitler. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
Barnett, Victoria J. Bystanders: Conscience and Complicity During the Holocaust. (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999).
Baron, Lawrence. “The mobilization of moral outrage: Calvinist and Socialist rescue networks for Jews in Nazi-occupied Holland.” Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, San Francisco, California, April 9, 1995.
Baron, Lawrence. “Parochialism, patriotism, and philo-Semitism: Why members of the Reformed Churches rescued Jews in the Netherlands during the Holocaust.” Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Conference of the Midwest Jewish Studies Association, October 22 and 23, 1995, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Bédarida, François, & Bédarida, Renee. “Aux Origines du Témoignage Chrétien 1941-1942.” Revue d’Histoire de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale LXI, 1-66. (1966).
Bogner, Nahum. “The convent children: The rescue of Jewish children in Polish convents during the Holocaust.” In Silberklang, David (Ed.), Yad Vashem Studies, Vol. XXVII. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1999, 235-285).
Boas, H. J. Religious Resistance in Holland. (London: Netherlands Government Information Bureau, 1945).
Butnaru, I. C. The Silent Holocaust: Romania and its Jews.
Cahill, Thomas. Pope John XXIII. (New York: Viking, 2002).
Chadwick, Owen. “Weizsäcker, the Vatican, and the Jews of Rome.” In Michael Marrus (Ed.), The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews. (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1989), pp. 1263-1283.
Conway, John. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches. (New York: Basic Books, 1968).
Conway, John S. “Records and documents of the Holy See relating to the Second World War.” Yad Vashem Studies, 15 (1983), 327-345.
Cornwell, John. Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII. (New York: Viking, 1999).
Elliott, Lawrence. I will be called John: A biography of Pope John XXIII. (New York: Reader’s Digest Press, E. P. Dutton, 1973).
Ericksen, Robert, and Heschel, Susannah (Eds.). Betrayal: German Churches and the Holocaust. (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1999).
Friedlander, Saul. Pius XII and the Third Reich: A Documentation. (New York: Knopf, 1966).
Giovanni XXIII. Il Pastore. Corrispondenza dal 1911 al 1963 con I preti del Sacro Cuore di Bergamo. (Padova, 1982), pp. 256, 261.
Gushee, David P. The Righteous Gentiles of the Holocaust: A Christian Interpretation. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994).
Gutman, Israel (Editor in Chief), Sara Bender (Associate Editor), Lucien Lazare (Volume Editor). The Encyclopedia of the Righteous Among the Nations: Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. France. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003).
Hebblethwaite, Peter. Pope John XXIII: Shepherd of the modern world. (New York, 1985), pp. 141-143.
Hoffmann, Peter. “Roncalli in the Second World War: Peace Initiatives, the Greek Famine and the Persecution of the Jews.” Journal of Ecclesiastical History, XL (1989), pp. 77-84.
Hoye, Bjarne, & Ager, Trygve M. The Flight of the Norwegian Church against Nazism. (New York: Macmillan, 1943).
Huneke, Douglas. “A study of Christians who rescued Jews during the Nazi era.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 9 (1): 144-149. (1981-1982).
Kurek-Lesik, Ewa. “The role of Polish Nuns in the rescue of Jews, 1939-1945.” In Oliner, Pearl M., Oliner, Samuel P., Baron, Lawrence, Blum, Lawrence A., Krebs, Dennis L., & Smolenska, M. Zuzanna (Eds.), Embracing the Other: Philosophical, Psychological, and Historical Perspectives on Altruism. (New York: New York University Press, 1992, 328-334.)
Kurek-Lesik, Ewa. Your Life is Worth Mine: How Polish Nuns Saved Hundreds of Jewish Children in German-Occupied Poland, 1939-1945. (New York: Hippocrene, 1997).
Lapide, Pinchas E. Three Popes and the Jews. (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1967).
Lavi, Theodore. The Vatican’s Endeavours on Behalf of Roumanian Jewry during World War II. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1961).
Leclef, Chanoine. Le Cardinal van Roey et l’occupation allemande en Belgigue. (Brussels, Goemare, 1945).
Lévai, Jenö. Hungarian Jewry and the Papacy: Pope Pius XII Did Not Remain Silent. (London: Sands and Co., 1968), pp. 39, 44. Refers to M. Rotta and to Uditore Verolino by name. 15,000 safe passes issued (only 2,500 were permitted).
Lewy, Günter. The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
Littell, Franklin H., & Locke, Hubert, C. (Eds.). The German Church Struggle and the Holocaust. (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1974).
Locke, Hubert G., & Littell, Marcia Sachs (Eds.). Holocaust and Church Struggle: Religion, Power and the Politics of Resistance, Vol. XVI: Studies in the Shoah. (Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1996).
London, Perry. “The rescuers: Motivational hypotheses about Christians who saved Jews from the Nazis.” In Macaulay, J., & Berkowitz, L. (Eds.), Altruism and Helping Behavior. (New York: Academic Press, 1970, 241-250.)
Lubac, Henri de. Christian Resistance to Anti-Semitism: Memories from 1940-1944. Translated by Sister Elizabeth Englund, OCD. (SF: Ignatius, 1990). Originally published as Resistance Chretienne a l’antisemitisme, Librairie Artheme Fayard, 1988.
McBrien, Richard, P. Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II. (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1997).
Morley, John. Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews during the Holocaust, 1939-1943. (New York: Ktav, 1980).
Oesterreicher, John. The Bridge, Vols. I-IV. (New York: Herder, 1955-1956).
Oliner, Pearl M., with statistical analysis by Jeanne Wielgus & Mary B. Gruber. Saving the Forsaken: Religious Culture and the Rescue of Jews in Nazi Europe. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
Paldiel, Mordecai. Churches and the Holocaust: Unholy Teaching, Good Samaritans and Reconciliation. (Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2006).
Pattee, Richard. The Case of Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac. (Milwaukee, WI: Bruce, 1953).
Pawlikowski, John T. The Catholic response to the Holocaust: Institutional perspectives. In Berenbaum, Michael, and Abraham J. Peck (Eds.). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, pp. 551-565. (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998).
Phayer, Michael. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000).
Pierrard, Pierre. Juifs et Catholiques Français. (Paris: Fayard, 1970).
Ramati, Alexander. The Assisi Underground: The Priests who Rescued Jews. (New York: Stein and Day, 1978).
Righi, Vittoro Ugo. Papa Giovanni sulle rive del Bosforo. (Padua, Italy, 1971).
Rittner, Carol, Smith, Stephen D., & Steinfeldt, Irena (Eds.). the Holocaust and the Christian World: Reflections on the Past, Challengers for the Future. (London: Kuperard, 2000).
Della Rocca, Roberto Morozzo. “Roncalli Diplomatico in Turchia e Grecia, 1935-1944” in Cristianesimo nella Storia, VIII/2. (1987), pp. 33-72, particularly pp. 55-56, 58.
Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe, Pope John XXIII. Edited by Don Loris Capovilla. Translated by Dorothy White. Mission to France, 1944-1953. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966).
Rotkirchen, Livia. The Destruction of Slovak Jewry. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1961). (Hebrew text, English summary.)
Rotkirchen, Livia. “Vatican Policy and the ‘Jewish Problem’ in ‘Independent’ Slovakia.” Yad Vashem Studies, VI: 27-51. (1967).
Rubin, Barry. Istanbul Intrigues, pp. 47-48, 93-94, 213-214.
Sanchez, Jose M. Pius XII and the Holocaust: Understanding the Controversy. (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America, 2001).
Santucci, Francesco. Assisi 1943-1944: Documenti per una Storia. (Accademia Proper-Ziana del Subasio, 1994).
Snoek, Johan M. The Greybook: A Collection of Protests against Anti-Semitism and the Persecution of Jews Issued by Non-Roman Catholic Churches and Church Leaders during Hitler’s Rule. (The Hague: Van Gorcum, 1969).
Tittmann, Harold H., Jr., Harold H. Tittman III (Ed.). Inside the Vatican of Pius XII: The Memoir of an American Diplomat During World War II. (New York: Image Books Doubleday, 2004).
Voigt, Klaus. “The children of Villa Emma at Nonantola.” In Joshua D. Zimmerman (Ed.), Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 182-198.
Waagenaar, Sam. The Pope’s Jews. (La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishers, 1974).
War Refugee Board. Unpublished documents relating to Hungary (boxes 18 and 35). Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Library, Hyde Park, NY.
Zielinski, Zygmunt. “Activities of Catholic orders on behalf of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland.” In Kulka, Otto Dov, & Mendes-Flohr, Paul R. (Eds.), Judaism and Christianity Under the Impact of National Socialism. (Jerusalem: The Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1987, 381-394.)
Zimmerman, Joshua D. (Ed.), Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Zuccotti, Susan. Under his very windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).
Unitarian Service Committee references:
Archives and Manuscripts
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Archives. New York City.
Anderson, Paul B. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Chambagne-Urbana, Illinois.
British Secret Intelligence Service. MI-6 Records. Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. “Last Port of Freedom.” Unpublished manuscript. Multiple drafts, undated. Elisabeth Anthony Dexter Papers, Box 16. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Elisabeth Anthony, and Robert Cloutman Dexter. Papers. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Dexter, Lewis A. “A Memoir of Elisabeth Anthony Dexter: Social Background and Personal Meaning of a Type of Feminist Research,” 17 pp. Undated, unpublished manuscript, in the author’s possession.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. “To Try the Soul’s Strength: A Woman’s Participation in the History of Her Time.” Unpublished manuscript. 1998. Martha and Waitstill Sharp Collection, Box 43, Folder 104, John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Ebel, Miriam Davenport. Papers. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Eliot, Samuel Atkins. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. Memorial Library. Special Collections, Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Fisera, Joseph. Archive. U.S. Hololcaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
Fry, Varian. Papers. Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City.
Joy, Charles Rhind. Papers. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Long, Breckinridge. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Lowrie, Donald A., and Helen O. Lowrie. Papers. University of Illinois Archives, Champagne-Urbana, Illinois.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Office of Strategic Services. State Depaertment. State Department Decimal Files. Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland.
Roosevelt, Eleanor. Papers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Sharp, Martha and Waitstill. Collection. John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Skidmore College. Archives, Saratoga Springs, New York.
Unitarian Service Committee. Records. Audiovisual Records. Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Records. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Institutional Archives: Assignment Rescue. Oral History Archives. Photo Archives. Washington, DC.
War Refugee Board. Archives. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidentail Library, Hyde Park, New York.
Published Works
American Labor Conference on International Affairs. “Guide to the American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950,” Taminent Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library. http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alcia.html
Baker Memorial Issue. The Tech. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-45. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981.
Bazarov, Valery. “Schmolka and Stiener: The Return of the Heroes,” Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. www.hias.org/who_we_are/120stories/116Schmolka.pdf
Bénédite, Danny. La Filiere Marseillaise: Un Chemin Vers la Liberté Sous L’Occuption. Paris: Clancier Guenaud, 1984.
DiFiglia, Ghanda. Roots and Visions: The First Fifty Years of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Cambridge, MA: Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, 1990.
Feuchtwanger, Lion. The Devil in France: My Encounter with Him in the Summer of 1940. New York: Viking Press, 1941.
Genizi, Haim. American Apathy: The Plight of Christian Refugees from Nazism. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University, 1983.
Genizi, Haim. “Christian Charity: The Unitarian Service Committee’s Relief Activities on Behalf of Refugees from Nazism, 1940-45.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2, no. 2 (1987): 267-76.
Henry, Richard. Norbert Fabian Capek: A Spiritual Journey. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999.
Howe, Charles A. For Faith and Freedom: A Short History of Unitarianism in Europe. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1997.
Lewis, Flora. Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field. Garden City NY: Doubleday and Company, 1965.
Lewis, James Ford. “The Unitarian Service Committee.” PhD Diss., University of California, 1967.
London, Louise. Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees, and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Lowrie, Donald A. The Hunted Children. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1963.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1999.
Pittet, Genevieve. “Passages de frontiers.” In Quelques Actions des Protestants de France: En Faveur des Juifs Persecutes Sous L’Occupation Allemande 1940-1944. Paris: CIMADE, 1945.
Ryan, Donna. “Vichy and the Jews: The Example of Marseille, 1939-44.” 2 vols. PhD diss., University of Maryland, 1984.
Samuel, Vivette. Rescuing the Children: A Holocaust Memoir. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Sanger, Clyde. Lotta and the Unitarian Service Committee Story. Toronto: Stoddard Publishing, 1986.
Weill, Joseph. Le Combat d’un Juste. Bron: Cheminements, 2002.
Wischnitzer, Mark. Visas to Freedom: The History of HIAS. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1956.
Zeitoun, Sabine. L’Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) sous L’Occupation en France. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1990.
Refugees and the Holocaust
Abella, Irving, and Harold Troopers. None is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948. (New York: Random House, 1983).
Anderson, Mark M. (Ed.). Hitler’s Exiles: Personal Stories of the Flight from Nazi Germany to America. (New York: The New Press, 1998).
Barron, Stephanie, with Saline Eckmann. Exiles & Emigrés: The Flight of European Artists from Hitler. (Los Angeles: Museum Association, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1997).
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981).
Bauer, Yehuda. From Diplomacy to Resistance. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1970).
Bauer, Yehuda. My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Joint Distribution Committee. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1974).
Berenbaum, Michael. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. (New York: New York University Press, 1990).
A Book of Tribute to Varian Fry. A collection of various authors issued by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council on the occasion of Fry’s posthumous Eisenhower Liberation Medal, 1991.
Braham, Randolph L. “The treatment of Hungarian Jews in German-occupied Europe.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 125-146.
Carlgren, W. M. Swedish Foreign Policy during the Second World War. (London, 1977).
Carpi, Daniel. “The diplomatic negotiations over the transfer of Jewish children from Croatia to Turkey and Palestine in 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 109-124.
Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975).
Eck, Nathan. “The Rescue of Jews With the Aid of Passports and Citizenship Papers of Latin American States.” Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, 1 (1957), pp. 125-152.
Favez, Jean-Claude. Edited and translated by John and Beryl Fletcher. The Red Cross and the Holocaust. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Feingold, Henry. The Politics of Rescue: The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust, 1938-1944. (New Brunswick, NJ: (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1970).
Fermi, Laura. Illustrious Immigrants: The Intellectual Migration from Europe 1930-1941. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Escape Through the Pyrenees. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Solidarity and Treason: Resistance and Exile, 1933-1940. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Friedman, Saul S. No Haven for the Oppressed. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1973).
Fry, Varian. “The Massacre of the Jews.” The New Republic, December 21, 1942.
Fry, Varian. “Operation Emergency Rescue.” The New Leader, 1965.
Gilbert, Martin. “British government policy towards Jewish refugees (November 1938-September 1939). Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 127-168.
Gilbert, Martin. Auschwitz and the Allies: A Devastating Account of How the Allies Responded to the News of Hitler’s Mass Murder. (New York: Henry Holt, 1981).
Gold, Mary Jayne. Crossroads Marseilles, 1940. (New York: Doubleday, 1980).
Goodyear, Julie. American Rescuers: Varian Fry. (Unpublished thesis.)
Haestrup, Jorgen. “The historiography of the Holocaust and rescue efforts in Denmark and Norway.” In Yisrael Gutman and Gideon Greif (Eds.), The Historiography of the Holocaust Period: Proceedings of the Fifth Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, March 1983, pp. 535-544.
Hirschman, Albert O. A Propensity to Self-Subversion. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995).
Hurwitz, Ariel. “The struggle over the creation of the War Refugee Board (WRB).” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 6 (1991), 17-31.
Katzburg, Nathaniel. “European Jewry and the Palestine question.” Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 249-262.
Korman, Gerd (Ed.). Hunter and Hunted: Human History of the Holocaust. (New York: Viking Press, 1973).
Kranzler, David. Thy Brother’s Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust. (Brooklyn: Mesorah, 1987).
Breitman, Richard and Alan M. Kraut, American Refugee Policy and European Jews. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987).
Kubowitzki, A. Leon. Unity in Dispersion: A History of the World Jewish Congress. (New York: World Jewish Congress, 1948).
Lavi, T. Rumanian Jewry in World War II: Fight for Survival. (Jerusalem, 1965). Hebrew.
Lavi, T. (Ed.). Rumania, Vol. 1. In Pinkas Hakehillot, Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities. (Jerusalem, 1969). Hebrew.
Levenstein, Aron. Escape to Freedom: The Story of the International Rescue Committee. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983).
Lipstat, Deborah. Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust. (New York: The Free Press, 1986).
Marrus, Michael, R., and Robert O. Paxton. Vichy France and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1981).
Maxwell, Elisabeth. “The rescue of Jews in France and Belgium during the Holocaust.” Journal of Holocaust Education, 7 (1998), 1-18.
Mazower, Mark. Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941-1944. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993).
Mehring, Walter, translated by S. A. deWitt. No Road Back. (New York: Samuel Curl, Inc., 1944).
Meyerhof, Walter. “An Episode Missing from Escape Through the Pyrenees by Lisa Fittko.” (Unpublished manuscript.)
Milgram, Avraham. “Portugal, the Consuls, and the Jewish Refugees, 1938-1941.” Yad Vashem Studies, 27 (1999), pp. 123-155.
Milgram, Avraham. “The Bounds of Neutrality: Portugal and the Repatriation of its Jewish Nationals.” Yad Vashem Studies, 31 (2003), pp. 201-244.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats in World War II. (Portugal: Diplomatic Institute, 2000).
Morse, Arthur D. While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy. (New York: Random House, 1967).
Nicosia, Frances R. The Third Reich & the Palestine Question. (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000.)
Ofer, Dalia. Escaping the Holocaust: Illegal Immigration to the Land of Israel, 1939-1944. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Paulsson, Gunnar S. “The rescue of Jews by non-Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. Journal of Holocaust Education, 7 (1998), 19-44.
Penkower, Monty Noam. The Jews Were Expendable: Free World diplomacy and the Holocaust. (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983).
Perl, William R. The Four-Front War: From the Holocaust to the Promised Land. (New York: Crown Publishers, 1978).
Proudfoot, Malcolm J. European Refugees, 1939-1952: A Study in Forced Population Movement. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1956).
Rozett, Robert. “From Poland to Hungary: Rescue attempts 1943-1944.” Yad Vashem Studies, 24 (1994), 177-194.
Silberklang, David. “The Allies and the Holocaust: A reappraisal.” Yad Vashem Studies.
Thompson, Dorothy. Refugees, Anarchy or Organization. (New York: Random House, 1938).
Thompson, Dorothy. Let the Record Speak. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939).
Thompson, Dorothy. “Refugees, A World Problem,” Foreign Affairs, XVI (April 1938).
Wischnitzer, Mark. To Dwell in Safety: The Story of Jewish Migration since 1800. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1949.)
Wolff, Walter. Bad Times, Good People: A Holocaust Survivor Recounts His Life in Italy During World War II. (Whittier Publications, 1999).
Wyman, David S. Paper Walls: American and the Refugee Crisis, 1939-1941. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1968).
Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945. (New York: Pantheon, 1984).
Yahil, L. “Scandinavian Countries to the Rescue of Concentration Camp Prisoners.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 181-220.
Yahil, L. “The historiography of the refugee problem and of rescue efforts in the neutral countries.” In Yisrael Gutman and Gideon Greif (Eds.), The Historiography of the Holocaust Period: Proceedings of the Fifth Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, March 1983, pp. 513-533.
Zariz, Ruth. “Officially Approved Emigration from Germany after 1941: A Case Study.” Yad Vashem Studies, 18 (1987), pp. 275-292.
Kindertransport
Abraham-Podietz, Eva, & Fox, Anne. Ten Thousand Children: True Stories Told by Children who Escaped the Holocaust on the Kindertransport. (Springfield, New Jersey: Behrman House, 1998).
Bentwich, N. They Found Refuge: An Account of British Jewry's Work for the Victims of Nazi Oppression. (London: Cresset Press, 1956).
Blend, Martha. A Child Alone. (London: Vallentine Mitchell & Co., 1995).
Drucker, Olga Levy. Kindertransport. (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1995).
Eden, Thea Feliks. A Transported Life: Memories of Kindertransport. (Santa Cruz, California: Herbooks, 1995).
Epstein, Hedy. Erinnern Ist Nicht Genug. [translation: "Remembering is Not Enough."] (Germany: Unrast Verlag, 1999).
Rescue in the Holocaust
Agar, H. The Saving Remnant: An Account of Jewish Survival. (New York: Viking, 1960).
Arad, Yitzhak. “Jewish Family Camps in the Forests—An Original Means of Rescue.” In Gutman, Y., and E. Zuroff (Eds.). Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, 3-11 April, 1974. (Jerusalem, 1977), pp. 333-353.
Asaf, Uri. Christian support for Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary. In Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.) Studies on the Holocaust in Hungary, pp. 65-112. (New York: Social Science Monographs and the Csengeri Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990).
Axelrod, Toby. Rescuers Defying the Nazis: Non-Jewish Teens Who Rescued Jews. (Rosen, 1999).
Barnett, Victoria J. Bystanders: Conscience and Complicity During the Holocaust. (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999).
Bartoszewski, W., and Z. Lewin. The Righteous Among the Nations. (London: Earls Court, 1969).
Bartoszewski, W., and Z. Lewinowna. The Samaritans: Heroes of the Holocaust. (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1970).
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Safran, Alexandre. “The Rulers of Fascist Rumania Whom I Had to Deal With.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 175-180.
Safran, Alexander. Resisting the Storm: Romania 1940-1947. (Jerusalem, 1987).
Sakamoto, Pamela R. Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees: A World War II Dilemma. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).
Salzman, Daniela Gleizer. México Frente a la Inmigración de Refugiados Judíos: 1934-1940. (Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historía, 2000).
Saul, Eric. Visas for Life: The Remarkable Story of Chiune and Yukiko Sugihara and the Rescue of Thousands of Jews. (San Francisco: HOHP, 1995).
Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Mexico. Gilberto Bosques: Historia Oral de la Diplomacia Mexicana. (Archivo Historico Diplomatico Mexicano, 1988).
Shafir, Shlomo. “American Diplomats in Berlin (1933-1939) and their Attitude to the Nazi Persecution of the Jews.” Yad Vashem Studies, 9 (1973), pp. 71-104.
Shafir, Shlomo. “George S. Messersmith: An Anti-Nazi Diplomat’s View of the German Jewish Crisis.” Jewish Social Studies.
Skoglund, Elizabeth R. A Quiet Courage: Per Anger, Wallenberg’s Co-Liberator of Hungarian Jews. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1997).
Smith, Michael. Foley: The Spy Who Saved 10,000 Jews. (London: Hodder & Stroughten, 1999).
Sugihara, Yukiko, translated by Hiroki Sugihara with Anne Akabori, edited by Lani Silver and Eric Saul. Visas for Life. (South San Francisco:Edu-Comm Plus, 1993).
Svenson, S. Folke Bernadotte: Fredkämpe och folksforsonare. (Stockholm, 1949).
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Raoul Wallenberg: Report of the Swedish-Russian Working Group. (Stockholm, 2000).
Tilavi. Yeudei Romania be Maavak als Atmala. (Jerusalem, 1962), quoted in Avner Levi, p. 166.
Tschuy, Theo. Carl Lutz und die Juden von Budapest. (Zurich: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 1995).
Tschuy, Theo. Dangerous Diplomacy. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000).
Vago, Bela. “Political and Diplomatic Activities for the Rescue of the Jews of Northern Transylvania.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 155-174.
Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre. Diplomat Rescuers and the Story of Feng Shan Ho. (Vancouver: Vancouver Holocaust Education Center, 1999).
Vatican (Holy See). Actes et documents du Saint-Siège relatifs à la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. 12 vols. (1966-1981). [This is a history published by the Vatican. It has information on Monsignors Rotta and Roncalli and other Vatican nuncios and representatives who helped Jews during the period of the Holocaust.]
Verax [Roberto Ducci]. “Italiani ed ebrei in Jugoslavia,” Politica Estera, I. (Rome, 1944), pp. 21-29.
Von Dardel, G. Lyckliga och Stormiga Aar. (Stockholm: Wahlstroem & Widstrand, 1953).
Waagenaar, Sam. The Pope’s Jews. (La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishers, 1974).
Wahrhaftig, Zorach. Refugee and Survivor. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1988).
Wallenberg, Raoul, translated by Kjersti Board. Letters and Dispatches, 1924-1944. (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1995).
Werner, Emmy E. A Conspiracy of Decency: The Rescue of the Danish Jews during World War II. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002).
Wood, E. Thomas, and Stanislaw M. Jankowski. Karski: How One Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust. (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1994).
Yahil, L. “Raoul Wallenberg: His Mission and His Activities in Hungary.” Yad Vashem Studies, 15 (1983), pp. 7-53.
Yahil, L. “Scandinavian Countries to the Rescue of Concentration Camp Prisoners.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 181-220.
Zur, Yaron. “The Jews of Tunisia under the German Occupation: A Divided Community in Time of Crisis,” Contemporary Jewry, 2 (1985), pp. 169-172.
Mass Rescue by Countries
Abrahamsen, Samuel. Norway’s Response to the Holocaust: A Historical Perspective. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1991).
Alexy, Trudy. The Mezuzah in the Madonna’s Foot. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).
Alfieri, Dino. Deux dictateurs face à face: Rome-Berlin, 1939-1943. (Paris, 1948).
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Aiding Jews Overseas: Reports of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1942.
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, The Rescue of Stricken Jews in a World at War, December 1943.
Avarna di Gualtieri, Carlo. “Gli ebrei e l’occupazione italiana in Francia,” Nuova Antologia (January 1962), pp. 245-248.
Avni, Haim. “Spanish Nationals in Greece and their Fate during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), pp. 31-68.
Avni, Haim. Spain, the Jews and Franco. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1982).
Barfod, Jorgen H. The Holocaust failed in Denmark. (Copenhagen: Frihedsmuseets Venners, 1985).
Barkai, Avraham. From Boycott to Annihilation: The Economic Struggle of German Jews, 1933-1943. (Brandeis University Press, 1987).
Barlas, H. Rescue during the Holocaust. (Naharia, Israel, 1974, in Hebrew).
Bar-Zohar, Michael. Beyond Hitler’s Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria’s Jews. (Holbrook, MA: Adams Media Corp., 1998).
Bastianini, Giuseppe. Uomini, cose, fatti: Memorie di un ambasciator. (Milan, 1959).
Ben-Tov, Arieh. Facing the Holocaust in Budapest: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Jews in Hungary, 1943-1945. (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988).
Benbassa, Esther and Aron Rodrigue. The Jews of the Balkans: The Judeo-Spanish Community, 15th to 20th Centuries. (Cambridge: Blackwell).
Bertelsen, Aage. October ’43. (New York: Putnam, 1954).
Braham, Randolph L. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).
Braham, Randolph L. (Ed.), with Scott Miller. The Nazis’ Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998).
Breitman, Richard. “American rescue activities in Sweden.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
Brookings Institution, Refugee Settlement in the Dominican Republic: A Survey Conducted Under the Auspices of the Brookings Institution, 1942.
Caracciolo, Nicola, translated and edited by Florette Rechnitz Koffler & Richard Koffler. Uncertain Refuge: Italy and the Jews during the Holocaust. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1986).
Carlgren, W. M. Swedish Foreign Policy during the Second World War. (London, 1977).
Carpi, Daniel. “The diplomatic negotiations over the transfer of Jewish children from Croatia to Turkey and Palestine in 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 12 (1977), 109-124.
Carpi, Daniel. “The Italian Diplomat Luca Pietromarchi and His Activities on Behalf of the Jews in Croatia and Greece,” Yalkut Moreshet, 33 (1982), pp. 145-152 (Hebrew).
Carpi, Daniel. “Notes on the History of the Jews in Greece during the Holocaust Period. The Attitude of the Italians (1941-1943),” in H. Ben-Shahar et al. (eds.), Festschrift in Honor of Dr. George S. Wise. (Tel Aviv, 1981), pp. 25-62.
Chary, Frederick B. The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970).
Childs, Rives. Foreign Service Farewell, pp. 116-117.
Cohen, Maynard M. A Stand Against Tyranny: Norway’s Physicians and the Nazis. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997).
Dominican Republic Settlement Association, In., Sousa, Haven for Settlement in the Dominican Republic, 1941.
Dunand, Georges. Ne perdez pas leur trace.
Eck, Nathan. “The Rescue of Jews With the Aid of Passports and Citizenship Papers of Latin American States.” Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, 1 (1957), pp. 125-152.
Eck, Nathan and Aryeh Leon Kubovy. Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, Vol. VI. (Jerusalem, Yad Vashem, 1967).
Feierstein, Daniel and Miguel Galante. “Argentina and the Holocaust: The conceptions and policies of Argentine diplomacy, 1933-1945.” Yad Vashem Studies, 27 (1999), 159-201.
Flender, Harold. Rescue in Denmark. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1980).
García, Figueras. Spain, Franco and the Jews. (Madrid, 1988).
Gilbert, Martin. “British government policy towards Jewish refugees (November 1938-September 1939). Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 127-168.
Goldberger, Leo. The Rescue of Danish Jews: Moral Courage Under Stress. (New York: New York University Press, 1987).
Haestrup, Jorgen. “The historiography of the Holocaust and rescue efforts in Denmark and Norway.” In Yisrael Gutman and Gideon Greif (Eds.), The Historiography of the Holocaust Period: Proceedings of the Fifth Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, March 1983, pp. 535-544.
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Report on Activities in the United States and Overseas, 1940.
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Rescue Through Immigration, Annual Report and Messages, 1941.
Herzer, Ivo. The Italian Refuge: Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. (Washington: Catholic University Press, 1989).
Hindley, Meredith. “Negotiating the boundary of unconditional surrender: The War Refugee Board in Sweden and Nazi proposals to ransom Jews, 1944-1945.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 10 (1996), 52-77.
Hirschmann, Ira A. Life Line to a Promised Land. (New York: Vanguard Press, 1946).
Hirschmann, Ira A. The Embers Still Burn. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1949).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Caution to the Winds. (New York: David McKay Co., 1962).
Hurwitz, Ariel. “The struggle over the creation of the War Refugee Board (WRB).” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 6 (1991), 17-31.
Isenberg, Sheila. A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry. (New York: Random House).
Jasa, Romano. “Jews in the Rab Camp and Their Participation in the Liberation War.” Zbornik, 2. (1973).
Kirchhoff, Hans. “SS-Gruppenführer Werner Best and the action against the Danish Jews – October 1943.” Yad Vashem Studies, 24 (1994), 195-222.
Kirchhoff, Hans. The Rescue of the Danish Jews in October 1943. In Bankier, David and Israel Gutman, Eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003), pp. 539-555.
Kloyber, Christian (Ed.). Exilio y Cultura: El Exilio Cultural Austriaco en México. (Mexico: Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, 2002).
Koblik, Steven. The Stones Cry Out: Sweden’s Response to the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1988).
Kushner, Tony. The Holocaust and the Liberal Imagination: A Social and Cultural History. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994).
Lavi, T. “Documents on the struggle of Rumanian Jewry for its rights during the Second World War.” Yad Vashem Studies, 4 (1960), 261-315.
Lazare, Luciene. Rescue as Resistance: How Jewish Organization Fought the Holocaust in France. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
Leshem, P. “Rescue Efforts in the Iberian Peninsula.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 14. (1969), pp. 231-256.
Levine, Paul A. From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust: 1938-1944. (Uppsala, Sweden: 1998).
Marie-Benoit, T. R. P. “Una lettera di Padre Benedetto,” La Voce della Comunità Israelitica, July 1955.
Michaelis, Meir. The Holocaust in Italy: Area of Inquiry IV: The Italian Occupied Territories. In Berenbaum, Michael, and Abraham J. Peck (Eds.). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, pp. 455-461. (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998).
Milgram, Avraham, translated by Naftali Greenwood. “The Jews of Europe from the perspective of the Brazilian Foreign Service, 1933-1941.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 9 (1995), 94-120.
Milgram, Avraham. “Portugal, the Consuls, and the Jewish Refugees, 1938-1941.” Yad Vashem Studies, 27 (1999), pp. 123-155.
Milgram, Avraham. “The bounds of neutrality: Portugal and the repatriation of its Jewish nations.” Yad Vashem Studies, 31 (2003), pp. 201-244.
Miller, M. L. Bulgaria during the Second World War. (Stanford, 1975).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats in World War II. (Portugal: Diplomatic Institute, 2000).
Morelli, Anne. “Les diplomates italiens en Belgique et la ‘question juive,’ 1938-1943,” Bulletin de l’Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 53-54 (1983-1984), pp. 357-407.
Morgenthau, Jr., Henry, “The Morgenthau Diaries VI – The Refugee Run Around,” Collier’s, November 1, 1947, 22.
Ofer, D. “The Rescue Activities of the Jewish Agency Delegation in Istanbul in 1943.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff, pp. 435-450. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Oren, N. “The Bulgarian Exception: A Reassessment of the Salvation of the Jewish Community.” Yad Vashem Studies, 7 (1968): 83-106.
Petrow, R. The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940-May 1945. (New York, 1974).
Pietromarchi, Luca. “Frammenti delle memorie dell’ambasciatore Luca Pietromarchi. La difesa degli ebrei nel ’43,” Nuova Antologia, fasc 2161 (January-March 1987), pp. 241-247.
Rahn, Rudolf. Un diplomate dans la tourmente. (Paris, 1948).
Rautkallio, Hanno. Finland and the Holocaust: The Rescue of Finland's Jews. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1987).
Rochlitz, Joseph. “Excerpts from the Salonika Diary of Lucillo Merci (February-August 1943).” Yad Vashem Studies, 18 (1987), pp. 293-323.
Rothkirchen, Livia (Ed.). “Rescue efforts with the assistance of international organization: Documents from the archives of Dr. A. Silberschein.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), 69-80.
Sabile, Jacques. Les juifs de Tunisie sous Vichy et l’occupation. (Paris, 1954).
Salzman, Daniela Gleizer. México Frente a la Inmigración de Refugiados Judíos: 1934-1940. (Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historía, 2000).
Shaw, Stanford J. Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey’s Role in Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi Persecution, 1933-1945. (New York: New York University Press, 1993).
Spanish Foreign Ministry. “Spanish Diplomats During the Holocaust.” [Downloaded from http://www.mae.es on 3/21/04.]
State Publishing House. Saving of the Jews in Bulgaria, 1941-1944.
Tamir, Vicki. Bulgaria and Her Jews: The History of a Dubious Symbiosis. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1972.
Tilavi. Yeudei Romania be Maavak als Atmala. (Jerusalem, 1962), quoted in Avner Levi, p. 166.
Todorov, Tzvetan. Translated by Arthur Denner. The Fragility of Goodness: Why Bulgaria’s Jews Survived the Holocaust. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Flight and Rescue. (Washington, DC: Author, 2001).
Valentin, H. “Rescue and Relief Activities in Behalf of Jewish Victims of Nazism in Scandinavia.” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, 8 (1953): 224-251.
Verax [Roberto Ducci]. “Italiani ed ebrei in Jugoslavia,” Politica Estera, I. (Rome, 1944), pp. 21-29.
Werner, Emmy E. A Conspiracy of Decency: The Rescue of the Danish Jews during World War II. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002).
Wyman, David S. (Ed.). The World Reacts to the Holocaust. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
Yahil, L. “Scandinavian Countries to the Rescue of Concentration Camp Prisoners.” Yad Vashem Studies, 6 (1967), pp. 181-220.
Yahil, Leni. The Rescue of Danish Jewry: Test of a Democracy. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1969).
Zuccotti, Susan. The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescue, Survival. (New York: Basic Books, 1987).
Zuccotti, Susan. The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1993).
Zur, Yaron. “The Jews of Tunisia under the German Occupation: A Divided Community in Time of Crisis,” Contemporary Jewry, 2 (1985), pp. 169-172.
Zuroff, Efraim. “Attempts to obtain Shanghai permits in 1941: A case of rescue priority during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 321-351.
Jewish Rescue and Resistance
Abitol, Michel
Abrahmsen, Samuel. Norway.
Adler, J. The Jews of Paris and the Final Solution. (New York, 1987).
Adler-Rudel, S. Jüdische Selbsthilfe unter dem Naziregime 1933-1939, im Spiegel der Berichte der Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland. Tübingen, 1974. Cited in Gutman, Holocaust Encyclopedia.
Agar, H. The Saving Remnant: An Account of Jewish Survival. (New York: Viking, 1960).
Ainsztein, Reuben. Jewish Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Europe: With a Historical Survey of the Jew as Fighter and Soldier in the Diaspora. (London: Paul Elek, 1974).
American Jewish Committee. American Jewish Yearbook. Vols. XXXII-XLVIII. (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1931-1947).
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Aiding Jews Overseas: Reports of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1942.
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, The Rescue of Stricken Jews in a World at War, December 1943.
Ancel, J., comp. Yad Vashem Central Archives: The Dr. W. Filderman Archives. Jerusalem, 1974.
Ancel, J. “Plans for Deportation of Romanian Jews and Their Discontinuation in Light of Documentary Evidence.” Yad Vashem Studies, 16 (1984): 381-420.
Ancel, J. (Ed.) Documents Concerning the Fate of Romanian Jewry during the Holocaust, Vols. 5, 8. (New York, 1987).
Apenszlak & Polakiewicz. Armed Resistance of the Jews of Poland. (New York, NY: American Federation for Polish Jews, 1944).
Arad, Yitzhak. “Jewish Family Camps in the Forests—An Original Means of Rescue.” In Gutman, Y., and E. Zuroff (Eds.). Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, 3-11 April, 1974. (Jerusalem, 1977), pp. 333-353.
An important pioneering work on the rescue of Jews by Jewish partisans.
Avneri, A. From Velos to Tauras: The First Decade of Jewish Illegal Immigration to Mandatory Palestine (Eretz Yisrael), 1934-1944. (Tel Aviv, 1985.) (In Hebrew.)
Avni, Haim. Spain, the Jews and Franco. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1982).
Discussion of Spain as a safe haven and transit zone for Jews during the war. Has a discussion of the JDC and HIAS-HICEM in Lisbon.
Avni, H. “The Zionist Underground in Holland and France and the Escape to Spain.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff, pp. 555-590. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Barkai, Avraham. From Boycott to Annihilation: The Economic Struggle of German Jews, 1933-1943. (Brandeis University Press, 1987).
Barkai, M. (Ed.), The Fighting Ghettos, (Philadelphia, 1962).
Barlas, H. Rescue during the Holocaust. (Naharia, Israel, 1974, in Hebrew).
Haim Barlas was a member of the Committee of the Yishuv, operating out of Turkey in World War II.
Bar-Zohar, Michael. Beyond Hitler’s Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria’s Jews. (Holbrook, MA: Adams Media Corp., 1998).
Bauer, Yehuda. From Diplomacy to Resistance. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1970).
Bauer, Y. “Rescue Operations through Vilna.” Yad Vashem Studies, 9 (1973), 215-223.
Bauer, Yehuda. My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Joint Distribution Committee. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1974).
Bauer, Yehuda. “The Negotiations Between Saly Mayer and the Representatives of the S.S. in 1944-1945.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 5-45. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Bauer, Yehuda. The Jewish Emergence from Powerlessness. (Toronto, 1979).
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981).
This is an important work about the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in World War II. It lists numerous Jewish organizations that were operating worldwide.
Bauer, Yehuda. Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations 1933-1945. (1994).
Beller, J. Jews in Latin America. (1969).
Benshalom, R. Neevaknu Lemaan Hachaim (We Struggled for Life). Tel Aviv: Moreshet, 1977.
Benwitch, N. Wander Between Two Worlds. (1941).
Bianco, Anthony. The Reichmanns: Family, Faith, Fortune, and the Empire of Olympia & York. (New York: Times Books, 1997).
Renee Reichmann helped save several hundred Jewish orphans by having them transported to North Africa. She worked with American diplomat Rives Childs.
Bielski, T., and Z. Bielski. Jews of the Forests. (Tel Aviv, 1946). (In Hebrew.)
One of the most famous Jewish partisan organizations. The Bielski brothers maintained a large family camp.
Biss, A. A Million Jews to Save. (London: Hutchinson, 1973).
Black, Edwin. The Transfer Agreement: The Untold Story of the Secret Agreement between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine. (New York: MacMillan, 1984).
Blum, John M., ed. The Morgenthau Diaries. 3 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967).
Henry Morgenthau was the Treasury Secretary of the United States under President Roosevelt. Morgenthau, an American Jew, was outraged by the resistance of the State Department to helping Jews escape the Nazis. As a result, he encouraged Roosevelt to create the War Refugee Board, which was established in January 1944.
Blum, J. M. Roosevelt and Morgenthau: A Revision and Condensation of “From the Morgenthau Diaries.” (Boston, 1970).
Braham, Randolph L. “The Role of the Jewish Council in Hungary: A Tentative Assessment.” Yad Vashem Studies, X, 69-110. (1974).
Braham, R. L. “The Official Jewish Leadership of Wartime Hungary.” In Patterns of Jewish Leadership in Nazi Europe, 1933-1945. Proceedings of the Third Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and C. J. Haft, pp. 267-285. (Jerusalem, 1979).
Braham, Randolph L. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).
One of the most important reference books on the Holocaust in Hungary. Braham has an important chapter on Jewish self-help and rescue organizations in Hungary and Budapest.
Campion J. In the Lion’s Mouth: Gisi Fleischmann and the Jewish Fight for Survival. (Lanham, MD, 1987).
Caron, Vicki. Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933-1942. (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1999).
Chary, Frederick B. The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970).
Childs, Rives. Foreign Service Farewell, pp. 116-117.
Cochavi, A., ed. Underground of the Zionist Youth in Holland. Tel Aviv, 1969. (In Hebrew). [Cited in Gutman, 1990, Encyclopedia of the Holocaust.]
Cohen, Asher, translated by Carl Alpert. The Halutz Resistance in Hungary 1942-1944. (New York: Social Science Monographs, Boulder, and Institute for Holocaust Studies of the City University of New York, 1986).
Cohen, D. “The Holocaust and the Fighting Partisan Underground in Minsk.” In vol. 2 of Minsk, a Jewish Mother-City: A Memorial Anthology, S. Even-Shoshan (Ed.), pp. 267-314. (Tel Aviv, 1985). (In Hebrew.)
Cohen, R. I. The Burden of Conscience: French Jewish Leadership during the Holocaust. (Bloomington, 1987).
Cohen, R. I. “The Jewish Community of France in the Face of Vichy-German Persecution, 1940-1944.” In The Jews in Modern France, edited by F. Malino and B. Wasserstein, pp. 181-204. London, 1985.
Cohen, Y., & D. Sidan, eds. Galicia Chapters: A Memorial Book for Dr. Abraham Silberschein. Tel Aviv, 1957. (In Hebrew). Cited in Gutman, Holocaust Encyclopedia.
Diamant, D. Les Juifs dans la Résistance française, 1940-1944: Avec armes ou sans armes. (Paris, 1971).
Dwork, Deborah. Children with a Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991).
Has several important references to Jewish rescue of Jews.
Eckman, L. & C. Lazar, “Dr. Yahezkiel Atlas.” Jewish Combatant, 1/2 (Fall 1980), 8-13.
Edelheit, Abraham J., & Hershel Edelheit. History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
This important encyclopedic work lists numerous cultural, self-help and rescue agencies of Jews.
Encyclopedia Judaica. 16 vols. (Jerusalem: Keter, 1971-1972).
Eppler, Elizabeth E. “The Rescue Work of the World Jewish Congress during the Nazi Period.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 47-69. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Eschwege, Helmut. “Resistance of German Jews against the Nazi Regime.” Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook XV (1970): 143-182.
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Escape through the Pyrénées. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Lisa Fittko was a Jewish refugee who organized numerous escape routes for Jews from southern France into Spain. She worked with Varian Fry and his Emergency Rescue Committee. She personally conducted Jews across the French-Spanish frontier.
Fittko, Lisa, translated by David Koblick. Solidarity and Treason: Resistance and Exile, 1933-1940. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1991).
Flender, Harold. Rescue in Denmark. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963).
Flim, Bert Jan, translated by Jeannette K. Ringold. Saving the Children: History of the Organized Effort to Rescue Jewish Children in the Netherlands, 1942-1945. (Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2005).
Forst, S. “Biographical Fragments and Aspects of the Life of Michael B. Weissmandel.” The Jewish Observer, 2 (June 1965), 9-13.
Fraenkel, Josef (Ed.). The Jews of Austria: Essays on their Life, History and Destruction. (London: Vallentine, Mitchell, 1967).
Freier, Recha. Let the Children Come: The Early History of Youth Aliyah. (London, 1961).
Freudinger, Fülöp, et al. “Report on Hungary: March 19-August 9, 1944.” Hungarian-Jewish Studies, III, 75-146. (1973).
Friedenson, Joseph, and David Kranzler, forward by Julius Kuhl. Heroine of Rescue: The Incredible Story of Recha Sternbuch Who Saved Thousands from the Holocaust. (Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, 1984).
This is a book on the work of Recha Sternbuch, who was an important Jewish rescuer of Jews. Sternbuch and her brother worked out of neutral Switzerland and saved thousands of Jews throughout Nazi-occupied Europe. She worked with Jewish diplomat Julius Kuhl, who was a Polish consul stationed in Bern, Switzerland.
Frieder, Emanuel. To Deliver Their Souls: The Struggle of a Young Rabbi during the Holocaust. (1987).
The story of Rabbi Armin Frieder.
Friling, Tuvia, translated by Ora Cummings. Arrows in the Dark: David Ben-Gurion, the Yishuv Leadership, and Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust (Vol. 1). (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005).
Fuchs, A. The Unheeded Cry. (New York, 1954).
Early work on the rescue activity in Slovakia. Documents Gisi Fleischman and Rabbi Weissmandel, of the Working Group.
Ginzberg, Eli. Report to American Jews on Overseas Relief, Palestine and Refugees in the United States. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1942).
Goldfarb, “On He Halutz Resistance in Hungary,” in Extermination and Resistance. (Israel: Kibbutz Lohamei Hagetaot, 1958).
Goldfarb, Z. Ad Kav Haketz (To the Ultimate Line). Ghetto fighters’ House, 1981.
Goldner, Franz. Austrian Emigration, 1938-1945. (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1979).
Gorka, J. The Present in the Shadow of the Past. (Jerusalem, 1982). (In Hebrew.)
Greenstein, Y. A Remnant from Jubilee Square: A Chronicle of a Partisan from the Minsk Ghetto. (Tel Aviv, 1968, in Hebrew).
Gutfreund, Jacob. “The Jewish Resistance Movement in Belgium.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967).
Gutman, Yisrael (Ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
This encyclopedic work has numerous references to Jewish rescue organizations and rescuers, including Gisi Fleischman, Rabbi Dov Weissmandel, Rabbi Alexander Safran, Zorach Wahrhaftig, Ira Hirschmann, etc.
Gutman, Y., and C. J. Haft (Eds.). Patterns of Jewish Leadership in Nazi Europe, 1933-1945. (Jerusalem, 1979).
Gutman, Y., and E. Zuroff (Eds.). Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Jerusalem, 3-11 April, 1974. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Important reference work on significant rescues during the war.
Habas, B. The Gate Breakers. (New York, 1963.)
Hadari, Z. V. Refugees Defeat an Empire: Chapters of Illegal Immigration, 1945-1948. (Tel Aviv, 1986.) (In Hebrew.)
Häsler, Alfred A., translated by Charles Lam Markmann. The Lifeboat is Full. (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969).
Has references to Jewish rescue and relief activities out of Switzerland.
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Report on Activities in the United States and Overseas, 1940.
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Rescue Through Immigration, Annual Report and Messages, 1941.
Heppner, Ernest G. Shanghai Refuge: A Memoir of the World War II Jewish Ghetto. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1993).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Life Line to a Promised Land. (New York: Vanguard Press, 1946).
Ira Hirschmann was an American Jew active in the rescue of Jews early in the war. He was a strong advocate for rescue activities within the American Jewish community. He was hired by the War Refugee Board of the US Treasury Department to rescue Eastern European and Balkan Jews from his post in Turkey. Hirschmann worked with US Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt, who was the senior Jewish member of the State Department. Steinhardt actively supported Hirschmann’s work.
Hirschmann, Ira A. The Embers Still Burn. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1949).
Hirschmann, Ira A. Caution to the Winds. (New York: David McKay Co., 1962).
Hockley, Ralph M. Freedom is not Free. (Houston, TX: Brockton Publishing Co., 2000).
Hockley was a Jewish teenager from Germany whose family had fled to southern France in the late 1930’s. Hockley volunteered with the American Friends’ Service Committee (Quakers) in southern France.
The Jewish Partisans. Vol. 1. (Merhavia, Israel, 1958). (In Hebrew.)
Jewish Resistance during the Holocaust: Proceedings of the Conference on Manifestations of Jewish Resistance, Jerusalem, April 7-11, 1968. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1971).
Kahanovitch, M. “Organizers and Commanders.” In The Fighting Ghettos, M. Barkai (Ed.), (Philadelphia, 1962), pp. 134-147.
Kappel, S. R. The Struggle of the Jews of Occupied France: In Internment Camps and in the “Jewish Fighting Organization.” (Jerusalem, 1971). (In Hebrew.)
Kermish, Joseph. "The Activities of the Council for Aid to Jews (“Zegota”) in Occupied Poland." In Rescue Attempts During the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 367-398. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Kieval, H. “Legality and Resistance in Vichy France: The Rescue of Jewish Children.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 124 (1980), 339-366.
Kimche, Jon & Kimche, David. The Secret Roads. (London: Secker and Warburg, 1954).
Klarsfeld, S.
Kluger, Ruth, & Mann, Peggy. The Last Escape. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973).
Knieza, Emil F. “The Resistance of the Slovak Jews.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967), pp. 176-181.
Knout, David. Contributions à l’Histoire de la Résistance Juive en France, 1939-1944. (Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1947).
Koblik, Steven. The Stones Cry Out: Sweden’s Response to the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1945. (New York: Holocaust Library, 1988).
Kowalski, I. Anthology on Jewish Resistance, 1939-1945. 3 vols. (New York, 1986).
Krakowski, S. The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944. (New York, 1984).
Kranzler, David. Japanese, Nazis and Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai, 1938-1945. (New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1976).
Has a large section on Jewish relief activities of Jewish community in Shanghai, 1938-1945. Has section on Paul Komor, who ran the International Committee for the Aid to Jews (IC).
Kranzler, David. The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland’s Finest Hour. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000).
This is an important biography of George Mandel Mantello, a Romanian Jew who organized efforts to rescue Jews throughout Europe.
Kranzler, David. Thy Brother’s Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust. (Brooklyn: Mesorah, 1987).
Kranzler, David, and Gervitz. To Save a World.
Kranzler, D., and G. Hirschler (Eds.) Solomon Schonfeld: His Page in History. (New York, 1982).
Kubowitzki, A. Leon. Unity in Dispersion: A History of the World Jewish Congress. (New York: World Jewish Congress, 1948).
Leon Kubowitzki was in charge of rescue and relief activities for Jews with the World Jewish Congress.
Kulka, Eric. “Five Escapes from Auschwitz.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967).
Lambert, Gilles, translated by Robert Bullen and Rosette Letellier. Operation Hazalah. (New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1974).
Latour, A. (transl. Irene R. Ilton). The Jewish Resistance in France, 1940-1944. (New York, 1970/1981).
Lavi, T. “Documents on the struggle of Rumanian Jewry for its rights during the Second World War.” Yad Vashem Studies, 4 (1960), 261-315.
Lavi, T. (Ed.). Rumania, Vol. 1. In Pinkas Hakehillot, Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities. (Jerusalem, 1969). Hebrew.
Lazare, L. La Resistance Juive en France. (Paris, 1987).
Lazare, Luciene. Rescue as Resistance: How Jewish Organization Fought the Holocaust in France. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
A very important book on Jewish rescue in France. One of the very few books specifically on Jewish rescue of Jews.
Leboucher, Fernande. Translated by J. F. Bernard. Incredible Mission. (Garden city, NY: Doubleday, 1969).
This is a biography of Father Marie-Benoit. Benoit was a Cappuchin monk who organized an important rescue network, first in France and then in Italy. It was called DELASEM (Aid Commission for Jewish Refugees; Delegazione Assistenza Emigranti). The network employed several Jewish rescuers.
Lévai, Jenö. Black Book on the Martyrdom of Hungarian Jewry. (Central European Times Publishing, 1948).
Has a chapter on Jews who rescued Jews in Hungary and Budapest. It has a list of some of the Jewish organizations and individuals who worked with the neutral legations in Budapest, 1944-1945.
Lichtenstein, K. (Ed.) Slonim Record. 4 vols. (Tel Aviv, 1960-1978). (In Hebrew.)
Margaliot, Abraham. “The Problem of the Rescue of German Jewry during the Years 1933-1939: The Reasons for the Delay in their Emigration from the Third Reich.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 247-265. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Marrus, Michael, R., and Robert O. Paxton. Vichy France and the Jews. (New York: Basic Books, 1981).
One of the most important works on the persecution and murder of Jews from France. It contains passages about Jewish rescue organizations operating in France.
Melchior, Marcus. A Rabbi Remembers. (New York: Lyle Stuart, 1968).
Meyer, Peter, et al. The Jews in the Soviet Satellites. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1953).
Michel, A. Les Eclaireurs Israelites de France pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. (Paris, 1984).
Michman, Joseph. “The Controversial Stand of the Joodse Raad in the Netherlands: Lodewijk E. Visser’s Struggle.” Yad Vashem Studies, X, 9-68. (1974).
Monk, A., and J. Isaacson (Eds.). Comunidades Judías de Latinoamerica. (1970).
Morgenthau, Jr., Henry, “The Morgenthau Diaries VI – The Refugee Run Around,” Collier’s, November 1, 1947, 22.
Morse, Arthur D. While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy. (New York: Random House, 1967).
Moser, Jonny. Demographie der jüdischen Bevölkerung Österreichs 1938-1945. (Vienna: Plöchl-Druckgesellshaft m.b.H. & KG, 1999).
Jonny Moser was an Austrian Jew who fled to Budapest during the war. After the Nazi occupation of Budapest, he volunteered in Raoul Wallenberg’s rescue efforts.
Museum of Jewish Heritage. Daring to Resist: Jewish Defiance in the Holocaust. (New York: Author, 2007). [exhibit catalog]
Neshamit, Sarah. Rescue in Lithuania during the Nazi Occupation, June 1941-August 1944. In, S. Neshamit, Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust.
Neumann, O. J. In the Shadow of Death: The Campaign for the Rescue of the Jews of Slovakia. (Tel Aviv, 1958). (In Hebrew.)
Neumann, Jirmejahu Oskar. Im Schatten des Todes [In the Shadow of Death]. (In German.)
Neumann, Y. O. Gisi Fleischmann: The Story of a Heroic Woman. (Tel Aviv, 1970).
Nizani, Yaacov. “Fighter of the Jewish Underground in Bulgaria.” Yad Vashem Bulletin, VIII-IX, 35-36. (1961).
Ofer, Dalia. “The Activities of the Jewish Agency Delegation in Istanbul in 1943.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and E. Zuroff, pp. 435-450. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Ofer, D. Illegal Immigration during the Holocaust. (Jerusalem, 1988.) (In Hebrew.)
Ofer, Dalia. Escaping the Holocaust: Illegal Immigration to the Land of Israel, 1939-1944. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Paldiel, Mordecai. Saving the Jews. (Rockville: Schreiber, 2000).
Mordecai Paldiel was the Director of the Righteous among the Nations section of Yad Vashem. In Appendix A, he deals with several Jewish rescuers, including Walter Süskind, Moussa and Odette Abadi, Denise Siekierski and Joseph Bass.
Penkower, M. N. “In Dramatic Dissent: The Bergson Boys.” American Jewish History, 70/3 (March 1981), 281-309.
Perl, William R. The Four-Front War: From the Holocaust to the Promised Land. (New York: Crown Publishers, 1978).
William Perl wrote this autobiography about his activities in organizing the rescue action called AF-AL-PI (“In Spite of Everything”). This organization was responsible for saving thousands of Jews in the late 1930s.
Pëto, Ernö. “Statement.” Hungarian-Jewish Studies, III, 49-74. (1973).
Poliakov, Leon. “Jewish Resistance in France, 1: Passive Resistance—The Union Général des Israélites de France (UGIF).” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, VIII, 252-257. (1953).
Porat, Dina. The Blue and the Yellow Stars of David: The Zionist Leadership in Palestine and the Holocaust, 1939-1945. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
Porat, D. “The Transnistria Affair and the Rescue Policy of the Zionist Leadership in Palestine, 1942-1943.” Studies in Zionism, 6/1 (1985), 27-52.
Pougatch, I. Un bâtisseur: Robert Gamzon. (Paris, 1971).
Presser, Jacob, translated by Arnold Pomerans. The Destruction of the Dutch Jews. (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1969).
Chapter 5 in this important book deals with Jewish resistance, escape and self-help.
Ravine, J. La Résistance organische des Juifs en France, 1940-1944. (Paris, 1973).
Rayski, Adam. “We Fought Back in France.” Commentary, 1/4 (February 1946), 60-65.
Rayski, Adam. The Choice of Jews Under Vichy, Between Submission and Resistance. (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press and US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, 2005).
An important work on rescue and resistance in France by an individual who actually participated.
Revesz. Hashoa be’ Hungaria (The Holocaust in Hungary).
Rings, Werner, transl. J. Maxwell Brownjohn. Life with the Enemy: Collaboration and Resistance in Hitler’s Europe, 1939-1945. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982).
Rinot, M. The German Jewish Aid Society: Its Formation and Struggle. (Jerusalem, 1972). (In Hebrew.)
Rosenkrantz, H. Verfolgung und Selbstbehauptung: Die Juden in Österreich, 1938-1945. Vienna, 1978, cited in Gutman, Holocaust Encyclopedia.
Ross, James R. Escape to Shanghai. (New York: Free Press, 1994).
Rothkirchen, Livia. “The Role of the Czech and Slovak Jewish Leadership in the Field of Rescue Work.” In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 423-434. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Rothkirchen, Livia. “The Dual Role of the Jewish Center in Slovakia.” In Patterns of Jewish Leadership in Nazi Europe, 1933-1945. Proceedings of the Third Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, Y. Gutman and C. Haft (Eds.), pp. 219-227. (Jerusalem, 1979).
Rothkirchen, Livia. The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2005).
Rozett, Robert. “Child Rescue in Budapest,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2 (1987), pp. 49-59.
Rubin, Evelyn Pike. Ghetto Shanghai. (New York: Shengold Publishers, 1993).
Safran, Alexander. Resisting the Storm: Romania 1940-1947. (Jerusalem, 1987).
Sakamoto, Pamela R. Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees: A World War II Dilemma. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).
Samuel, Vivette. Rescuing the Children: A Holocaust Memoir. (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002).
An important memoir by a Jewish rescuer in France.
Sarfatti, Michele, The Jews in Mussolini’s Italy: From Equality to Persecution. (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006).
Segev, Tom, translated by Haim Watzman. The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993).
This was an important work on the Yishuv’s policy toward rescuing Jews from Europe during the war. It takes a hard look at Jewish leadership in Palestine.
Shatzkes, Pamela. Holocaust and Rescue: Impotent or Indifferent? Anglo-Jewry 1938-1945. (London: Palgrave, 2002).
Smoliar, H. The Minsk Ghetto. (Moscow, 1946). (In Hebrew.)
Has a section on the rescue of Jews from the Minsk ghetto.
Steinberg, M. Le Comité de defense des Juifs en Belgique, 1942-1944. (Brussels, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1973).
Steinberg, Lucien, trans. by Marion Hunter. Not as a Lamb: The Jews against Hitler. (Farnsborough, England: Saxon House, 1974).
Steinberg, Lucien. “Jewish Rescue Activities in Belgium and France. In Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. Proceedings of the Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman & E. Zuroff, pp. 603-614. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Steinberg, M. “The Trap of Legality: The Association of the Jews of Belgium.” In Patterns of Jewish Leadership in Nazi Europe, 1933-1945. Proceedings of the Third Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and C. J. Haft, pp. 353-376. (Jerusalem, 1979).
Stern, Samu. “A Race with Time: A Statement.” In vol. 3 of Hungarian Jewish Studies, edited by R. L. Braham, pp. 1-47. (New York, 1973).
Swartz, Mary & Tokayer, Marvin (2004). The Fugu Plan: The Untold Story Of The Japanese And The Jews During World War II. Gefen Books.
Syrkin, Marie. Blessed is the Match: The Story of Jewish Resistance. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1977).
Tartakower, Arieh and Kurt Grossman. The Jewish Refugee. (New York: Institute of Jewish Affairs of the World Jewish Congress, 1944).
Written during the wartime, this book gives an insight into Jewish relief and rescue efforts.
Tec, Nechama. Defiance: The Bielski Partisans. (1993).
Tomaszewski, Irene and Tecia Werbowski. Zegota: The Rescue of Jews in Wartime Poland. (Montreal, Canada: Price-Patterson, 1994).
Zegota, also known as the Council for Aid to Jews, was one of the very rare organizations in Poland that had both Jews and non-Jews as rescuers.
Tomer, B. Z. (Ed.) Red, White, and the Smell of Oranges: The “Tehran Children.” (Jerusalem, 1971, in Hebrew).
The rescue of children in the so-called “Tehran Rescue.”
Trunk, Isaiah. Judenrat: The Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe Under Nazi Occupation. (New York, NY: MacMillan, 1971).
Vago, B. “Budapest Jewry in the Summer of 1944: Otto Komoly’s Diaries.” Yad Vashem Studies, 8 (1970), 81-105.
Vago, Bela. “Jewish Leadership Groups in Hungary and Rumania during the Holocaust.” Address presented to the International Scholars Conference on the Holocaust – A Generation After, New York City, March 1975.
Wagman-Eshkoli, Hava. “The contacts between the World Hechaluz Center in Geneva and the Zionist Underground in Belgium.” In, Dan Michman (Ed.), Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans (397-417). (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1998).
Wahrhaftig, Zorach. Palit Vesarid [Refugee and Survivor]. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1984.
Wahrhaftig, Zorach. Refugee and Survivor. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1988).
Autobiography of Zorach Wahrhaftig. Wahrhaftig led a rescue effort to save Jewish Yeshiva students. He influenced Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara to issue life-saving visas.
Weissberg, A. Conspiracy of Silence. (1952).
Weissberg, Alex. Advocate for the Dead: The Story of Joel Brand. (London: Andre Deutsch,1958).
Weissmandel, M. B. Min ha-Mezer. (1957).
Wellers, Z. G., A. Kaspi, and S. Klarsfeld (Eds.) La France et al Question Juive, 1940-1944. (Paris, 1981).
Wischnitzer, Mark. Visas to Freedom: The History of HIAS. (New York: World Publishing Co., 1956).
Wyman, David S. Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis, 1939-1941. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1968).
Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945. (New York: Pantheon, 1984).
Wyman, David S. (Ed.). The World Reacts to the Holocaust. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
Wyman, David S. and Rafael Medoff. A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust. (New York: The New Press, 2002).
Biography of Peter Bergson, also known as Hillel Kook. Kook was extremely active in raise US awareness of the plight of Jews in Europe.
Yad Vashem. Patterns of Jewish Leadership in Nazi Europe, 1933-1945. Proceedings of the Third Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, edited by Y. Gutman and C. J. Haft. (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1979).
Yad Vashem. Jewish Resistance to the Holocaust. (1968).
Yahil, Leni. The Rescue of Danish Jewry: Test of a Democracy. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1969).
Contains information on Jewish undergrounds movements and rescue organizations in Denmark.
YIVO. Testimonies of Jewish leaders and others on deportations of Jews in Hungary in 1944. File no. 768. n.d.
Yulzari, Matei. “The Bulgarian Jews in the Resistance Movement.” In Yuri Suhl (Ed.), They Fought Back. (New York: Crown, 1967).
Zentralausschuss der Deutschen Juden für Hilfe und Aufbau. Arbeitsbericht für Hilfe und Aufbau. 7 vols. (Berlin, 1933-1938).
Zimmerman, Joshua D. (Ed.), Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Zuroff, Efraim. “Attempts to obtain Shanghai permits in 1941: A case of rescue priority during the Holocaust.” Yad Vashem Studies, 13 (1979), 321-351.
Zuroff, Efraim. “Rabbis’ Relief and Rescue: A Case Study of the Activities of the Va’ad ha-Hatzalah) Rescue Committee of the American Orthodox Rabbis), 1942-1943.” Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual, 3 (1987), 121-138.
Zuroff, Efraim. “Rescue of Yeshiva Students in Poland through the Far East during the Holocaust.” Midor Lidor 1 (1979), 49-76. (In Hebrew.)
Zuroff, Efraim. “Rescue via the Far East: The Attempt to Save Polish Rabbis.” Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual 1 (1984), 153-183.
Zweig, Ronald. Britain and Palestine during the Second World War. (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1987).
Archives
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, MD. Records of the U.S. State Department Central Files, Post Files 1933-1941, Record Group 59 (RG-59), Photo Archives.
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, Washington, DC.
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), Historic Archives, New York, NY.
YIVO, Institute for Jewish Research, New York, NY.
The HIAS Migration Archive.
Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Memorial Archives, Jerusalem, Israel.
U.S. Department of State Archives, Central Files and Post Files, 1941-1945, Washington, DC.
Simon Wiesenthal Center Archives, Los Angeles, CA.
Ghetto Fighters Museum and Archives, Israel.
Dirección General del Acervo Histórico Diplomático, Mexico City, Mexico.
Swiss Federal Archives, Bern, Switzerland.
Private Collections
Raoul Wallenberg Family Archives, courtesy Guy von Dardel and Nina Lagergren.
Carl Lutz Family Archives.
George Mandel Mantello Archives, courtesy Enrico Mantello.
Ambassador Laurence A. Steinhardt Archives, courtesy Laurene Sherlock and Peter Rosenblatt.
Julius Kuhl Archives, courtesy Evelyn and Israel Singer.
Government Publications
Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS), Vol. 1933-1946. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).
Polish Embassy in the USSR. Report on the Relief Accorded Polish Citizens. (1943).
U.S. Department of State, Publication 3023. “Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939-1942.” (Washington, DC: Author, 1948).
Films/Documentaries
Act of Faith. CBS TV.
The Bookseller.
Denmark ’43.
Diplomats for the Damned. History Channel Documentary.
Nicholas Winton: The Power of Good. A film by Matej Minac (2006).
The Only Way: Tribute to the Danes.
Passport to Life: The Rescue of Budapest Jews. An Agnes Vertes Production (2003).
Righteous Enemy.
Sugihara: Conspiracy of Kindness, Rob Kirk, Diane Estelle, Producers; WGBH, Boston.
Unlikely Heroes, Los Angeles, Moriah Films, Simon Wiesenthal Center.
Exhibits
Assignment Rescue: The Story of Varian Fry. US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Visas for Life: The Righteous and Honorable Diplomats. The Visas for Life Project.
Hidden Children. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Daring to Resist: Jewish Defiance in the Holocaust. Museum of Jewish Heritage.
Children’s Books on Rescue
Gold, Alison Leslie. A Special Fate: Chiune Sugihara: Hero of the Holocaust. (New York: Scholastic Press, 2000).
Gottfried, Ted. Heroes of the Holocaust. (Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books, 2001).
Grobman, Alex. Those Who Dared: Rescuers and Rescued. (Los Angeles: Martyrs Memorial & Museum of the Holocaust of the Jewish Federation, 1995).
Sherrow, Victoria. The Righteous Gentiles. (San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1998).